郭艺芳:房颤患者卒中风险评估选CHADS2还是CHA2DS2-VASc?

2014-04-03 河北省人民医院 郭艺芳 医学论坛网

新近,美国美国心脏学会(AHA)、美国心脏病学会(ACC)、心律学会(HRS)和胸外科学会(STS)联合发布了《2014年心房颤动患者管理指南》(以下简称美国指南)。与此前指南相比,新指南有多项重要变化,其中关于房颤患者卒中风险评估方法的建议是最值得关注的内容之一。长期以来,CHADS2评分一直被广泛应用于房颤患者卒中风险的评估,被视为房颤抗凝治疗策略的基石。2012年欧洲更新的房颤指南推荐了CH

新近,美国美国心脏学会(AHA)、美国心脏病学会(ACC)、心律学会(HRS)和胸外科学会(STS)联合发布了《2014年心房颤动患者管理指南》(以下简称美国指南)。与此前指南相比,新指南有多项重要变化,其中关于房颤患者卒中风险评估方法的建议是最值得关注的内容之一。


长期以来,CHADS2评分一直被广泛应用于房颤患者卒中风险的评估,被视为房颤抗凝治疗策略的基石。2012年欧洲更新的房颤指南推荐了CHA2DS2-VASc评分方法之后,曾一度引起我国学者的广泛关注。不同学者对于我国临床实践中应该采用何种评分方法持不同意见,但多数专家认为应用CHADS2评分系统更适用于我国人群。本次美国指南更新后,预期又将会有很多学者建议在我国推行CHA2DS2-VASc评分方法。那么,应该如何看待这两种评分系统?在我国应该采用哪种方案进行房颤患者的卒中风险评估?对此,我的观点如下:

1. CHADS2与CHA2DS2-VASc评分方案有何异同?

CHADS2评分方案为——C:充血性心衰1分;H:高血压1分;A:年龄>75岁1分;D:糖尿病1分;S2:卒中或TIA病史2分。满分共6分。

CHA2DS2-VASc评分方案为:C:充血性心衰1分;H:高血压1分;A2:年龄≥75岁2分;D:糖尿病1分;S2:卒中或TIA或体循环栓塞病史2分;V:血管疾病1分;A:年龄65-74岁1分; Sc:女性1分。满分共9分。

2. CHADS2与CHA2DS2-VASc评分方案孰优孰劣?

很多人认为CHA2DS2-VASc评分方案比CHADS2评分方案更进步,其实未必如此。两种方案所包含的内容不同,其临床适用情况亦不尽相同。概括的讲,CHADS2评分能够用简单的方式筛选出真正的卒中高危患者,筛选出最需要抗凝治疗的对象;而CHA2DS2-VASc评分的主要作用是筛选出真正低危的、不需要抗凝治疗的房颤患者,从而避免过度抗凝治疗。由此可见,两种评分方案的适用背景有所差别。

3. 我国应采用何种评估方案?

我国目前所面临的主要问题是,房颤患者抗凝治疗严重不足。2012年RELY注册研究数据显示,我国房颤患者抗凝治疗率仅为10%,大致相当于欧美国家刚刚开始推行CHADS2评分时期的背景。因此,我们当务之急是让大多数卒中高危的房颤患者得到抗凝治疗。而欧美发达国家抗凝治疗覆盖率已经较高,推广CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统有助于避免真正低危的房颤患者进行抗凝治疗。

因此在现阶段,我国一般综合性医院仍应继续推广CHADS2评分方案,但对于部分中心性医院的房颤专科或抗凝治疗专科,可以推广CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统。在全国范围内盲目的倡导推广CHA2DS2-VASc评分系统很可能事与愿违。

4. 弃繁就简更适合我国国情

一般来讲,越是简单的评估方案越容易推广并被广大临床医生所应用。采用较为复杂的方案更难被医生所掌握,这必将会影响到抗凝治疗率。今天在某县级医院进行培训,我做了一次简单调查,结果发现几十位内科医生中只有一人掌握并应用CHADS2评分。近期在一次以省会心内科与老年病科医生为主要对象的的学术会议中,我也询问了多位参会者,虽然多数人听说过CHA2DS2-VASc评分方案,但仅一位年轻医生能够正确叙述其具体内容。我认为这一现象给我们两点启示:一是我们应该着力加强房颤抗凝治疗重要性的宣传与专业结束培训,另一方面,目前我国尚不具备在一般综合性医院推广CHA2DS2-VASc评分方案的条件。

在确定房颤患者卒中风险评估方法时,既要重视其科学性与合理性,又要重视其可行性与实用性。适合的方是最好的!综合考虑到我国现阶段的实际情况,我们仍应着力推广普及CHADS2评分方法,让大多数医生能够迅速掌握并积极应用,筛查出最需要抗凝治疗的房颤患者并启动抗凝药物治疗。不应唯欧美国家指南是瞻,盲目跟风。再次强调,欧美国家指南的适用范围是欧美国家,不是针对我国患者制定的。

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    2015-01-11 zczcz6655

    但是科学探究能更好的说明问题

    0

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    2015-01-11 zczcz6655

    但是科学探究能更好的说明问题

    0

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    2014-05-24 quxin068
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    2014-08-12 huperzia
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