超级超级传播者:韩国首位中东呼吸综合征患者

2015-06-05 孙学军 科学网孙学军博客

去年从中东飞往韩国的入境人数达到了50万多,只有1名把MERS病毒带回韩国,是68岁韩国男性A某。A某不久前到巴林、阿联酋、沙特阿拉伯和卡塔尔4个中东国家考察旅行。考察期间很可能在农场等地方接触过骆驼。在去中东前,他没有被韩国有关部门告知“不要在当地接触骆驼”,也没有任何关于MERS的概念。回国后,A某开始出现发烧、咳嗽等症状。最开始以为是一般感冒。直到病情越来越重,A某才于5月15日到京畿道P医

去年从中东飞往韩国的入境人数达到了50万多,只有1名把MERS病毒带回韩国,是68岁韩国男性A某。A某不久前到巴林、阿联酋、沙特阿拉伯和卡塔尔4个中东国家考察旅行。考察期间很可能在农场等地方接触过骆驼。在去中东前,他没有被韩国有关部门告知“不要在当地接触骆驼”,也没有任何关于MERS的概念。回国后,A某开始出现发烧、咳嗽等症状。最开始以为是一般感冒。直到病情越来越重,A某才于5月15日到京畿道P医院就诊,但并没有任何好转。直到被转了4次院,A某最后才得知自己感染了MERS。


从有关中东呼吸综合征的论文看,一般每名中东呼吸综合征患者二次传染的人数仅为0.7人,比非典(2-3人)传染力较低。但A某情况不同,截至6月3日,A某已经传染了22人。目前,对超级传播者的学术界还没有明确标准。非典流行时,专家们认为将病毒传播给8人以上就应被归类为超级传播者。参考这一标准,A某绝对属于超级传播者中的超级传播者。

自从2012年中东呼吸综合征被发现以来,许多国家都遇到病例输入的情况,但是没有发生过一人传染数人的情况,甚至认为该疾病不容易人传人。导致该疾病的病毒主要感染人的下呼吸道,与上呼吸道病毒相比,这种部位的病毒一般不容易传播。但是这名韩国患者至今已经感染了22个人,包括其家庭成员、医护人员和同室患者,这些感染大都发生在5月15-17期间,当时没有引起警觉,因为当时没有确定诊断。

德国波恩大学病毒学家Christian Drosten说,根据来自沙特阿拉伯的资料,在刚刚住院和病情恶化的病程早期阶段,也是大量分泌病毒的时期,患者的传染性最强。但即使在类似情况下,无数亲密接触者并不一定染病。

WHO食品安全专家Peter Ben Embarek说,同样的密切接触,受到感染的几率相差巨大的原因至今不清楚。关于超级传播者事件的一个最简单解释,是因为医院感染控制措施失效。2003年发生的SARS病毒爆发期间,给患者实施的机械通气会促进病毒扩散,因为病毒能通过呼吸机的雾化作用进入空气中。该名超级传播者韩国患者是否接受了呼吸机目前不清楚。

其他解释是该患者感染了变异的病毒,或韩国人对该病毒比其他种族更敏感。对病毒是否发生变异只需要用基因序列分析办法就可以。韩国已经同意将患者样品分享给研究MERS的实验室,包括香港中文大学和荷兰。

 为避免病毒扩散,韩国现在已经隔离700人。但是1名44岁男性,探视其住院家属后,忽视韩国政府的警示,在感到存在症状的情况下5月26日进入香港,并乘巴士到广东惠州。韩国政府警告说该男子属于MERS密切接触者,中国广东惠州卫生部门在5月27日发现该男子,并将他隔离在惠州市中心医院。5月29日该男子被确定MERS阳性。

根据新华社6月2日消息,中国已经隔离了67名该韩国男子密切接触者,并追寻另外10名接触者。根据6月1日香港卫生署的消息,香港的18名韩国游客密切接触者也被隔离,另外27名其他接触者也接受医疗监护。目前所有这些接触者都没有发现患病者。

(原文题目:韩国中东综合征患者是超级超级传播者)

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    2015-06-09 huaxipanxing

    看看

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    2015-06-05 s312486

    真是可怕

    0

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