Front Oncol:T1N0M0期肺大细胞神经内分泌癌的更佳手术类型和辅助治疗

2021-09-29 yd2015 MedSci原创

研究表明,肺叶切除和区域淋巴结清扫与生存率显著提高相关。广泛区域淋巴结清扫(4个或4个以上)比1 ~ 3个淋巴结清扫更能有效延长生存率。

T1N0M0期肺大细胞神经内分泌癌(LCNEC)的合适治疗策略尚未阐明。来自中山大学肿瘤防治中心的团队开展了相关研究,评估不同手术类型和辅助治疗对T1N0M0期LCNEC患者的疗效。相关结果发表在Frontiers in Oncology杂志上。

研究者在SEER数据库中筛选2004 - 2016年期间诊断为T1N0M0期的LCNEC患者。收集期临床特征、治疗方式和生存资料。根据肿瘤大小分层评估手术类型和辅助治疗的疗效。采用Kaplan-Meier法评估总生存期(OS), Cox比例风险模型确定相关生存变量。

2004-201年期间,共有425例患者纳入本研究,其中女性占55.3%,男性占44.7%。大多数患者(85.9%)为白人,10.8%为黑人,3.3%为其他种族。病灶以上、下叶为主(分别占64.0%和28.5%),中叶或其他部位较少(分别占6.1%和1.4%)。有病理分化信息290例,其中分化好2例,中分化13例,分化差212例,未分化64例。此外,肿瘤大小小于2cm的占59.5%,其余为2 ~ 3cm。

在425例患者中,大部分患者接受了手术(肺叶切除:59.5%,部分切除:25.9%,扩大切除:4.2%),44例(10.4%)未接受手术。236例(55.5%)患者切除4个或4个以上淋巴结清,73例(17.2%)患者仅切除1 ~ 3个淋巴结,90例(21.2%)患者未行淋巴结切除。74例患者接受化疗,22例接受放疗。与化疗组相比,未化疗组患者更年轻(P=0.002)。此外,未化疗组与未化疗组在性别、种族、原发部位、病理分化程度、肿瘤大小、手术类型、淋巴结清扫数等方面差异无统计学意义。

与非手术患者相比较,手术治疗的患者OS较长(P=0.000);此外,肺叶切除术患者的预后优于部分切除术患者,3年和5年生存率均较高(70.7%和59.3% vs 51.9%和37%)。肺叶切除术延长了中位OS近43个月(84个月vs 41个月)。即使在肿瘤小于2cm的患者中,肺叶切除术仍能提高生存率。在未切除淋巴结、切除1 ~ 3个淋巴结、切除4个及以上淋巴结的手术方式中,生存分析显示,切除4个及以上淋巴结的患者生存较好(P=0.000)。未切除淋巴结的患者的OS明显比仅切除1至3个淋巴结的患者更差(P=0.02)。与肺叶切除术一样,区域淋巴结清扫也能提高肿瘤小于2cm患者的生存率。尽管高龄是手术并发症的危险因素,老年患者仍然可以从肺叶切除术和局部淋巴结清扫获益(P=0.000)。

        手术类型对OS影响

研究进一步分析了辅助化疗和放疗对生存的影响。辅助化疗并没有显著提高生存率(P=0.142)。当按肿瘤大小分层时,对于肿瘤<2cm的患者,辅助化疗并不能延长生存期(P= 0.658);对于肿瘤大小为2 - 3cm的患者,辅助化疗倾向于延长生存期(P=0.082)。另外,未接受放疗的患者生存期更长,但是无统计学差异(P=0.113)。

          辅助治疗对OS影响

单因素分析显示,年龄越小、手术切除和区域淋巴结清扫与较好的预后相关(均p<0.05)。肺叶病变患者的预后优于主支气管病变患者(均p<0.05),但上下叶之间的情况相似。多因素分析显示,年龄是OS的独立预后因素(HR=1.796, 95% CI 1.34-2.046, P=0.000)。特别是,肺叶切除术是一个独立的保护因素,死亡风险降低了65.9% (HR= 0.341, 95% CI 0.197-0.632, P=0.000)。

               预后相关因素

综上,研究表明,肺叶切除和区域淋巴结清扫与生存率显著提高相关。广泛区域淋巴结清扫(4个或4个以上)比1 ~ 3个淋巴结清扫更能有效延长生存率。对于小于2cm的肿瘤,辅助化疗与延长生存期无关,而对于2 ~ 3cm的肿瘤,则可能延长生存期。

原始出处:

Peng K, Cao H, You Y, et al(2021) Optimal Surgery Type and Adjuvant Therapy for T1N0M0 Lung Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Front. Oncol. 11:591823.doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.591823

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