Cancer Immunology Research:发现靶向PD-L1的癌症免疫治疗新途径

2019-03-30 不详 中山大学生科院

近期,美国癌症研究协会(AACR)旗下重要杂志Cancer Immunology Research发表了中山大学生命科学学院赵勇教授课题组的最新研究成果“LIN28/let-7/PD-L1 Pathway as a Target for Cancer Immunotherapy”。论文发现了癌细胞中PD-L1的调节机制,并得到一种能特异性诱导人体自身T细胞杀灭肿瘤细胞的化学小分子,为癌症免疫治疗提

近期,美国癌症研究协会(AACR)旗下重要杂志Cancer Immunology Research发表了中山大学生命科学学院赵勇教授课题组的最新研究成果“LIN28/let-7/PD-L1 Pathway as a Target for Cancer Immunotherapy”。论文发现了癌细胞中PD-L1的调节机制,并得到一种能特异性诱导人体自身T细胞杀灭肿瘤细胞的化学小分子,为癌症免疫治疗提供了全新的解决方案。

免疫检查点分子PD-L1分布在癌细胞表面,通过与T细胞表面上的PD-1结合,抑制T细胞的免疫活性,帮助肿瘤细胞躲避免疫细胞的攻击。目前,肿瘤免疫治疗利用PD-1或PD-L1单克隆抗体(单抗),阻断PD-1/PD-L1信号通路,从而激活T细胞,杀灭肿瘤细胞。但由于PD-L1的表达水平存在个体差异以及肿瘤微环境的复杂性等诸多因素,在接受治疗的患者中,只有不足40%的病人对单抗治疗产生应答。亟待新的治疗手段,提高治疗的有效性。


C1632诱发T细胞免疫杀灭癌细胞及抑制癌细胞生长原理示意图

课题组发现,在癌细胞中广泛存在的Lin28/let-7通路控制着PD-L1的表达,抑制Lin28能有效降低细胞中PD-L1的数量。一种叫C1632的小分子化合物能特异性抑制Lin28。通过体外体内试验,他们发现C1632能有效降低癌细胞表面PD-L1的水平,从而抑制癌细胞的免疫逃逸,诱导T细胞杀灭癌细胞。与此同时,他们还发现C1632能有效抑制癌细胞的生长。由此,C1632便在癌症治疗中具有“一箭双雕”的双重功效(见上图)。

Lin28/let-7/PD-L1调节通路以及C1632的发现将为肿瘤免疫治疗提供新的手段,使通过化学药物进行治疗成为可能。C1632具有水溶性高、渗透性好、热稳定性强、细胞毒性低的特点。经实验验证,C1632能有效应用于多种不同类型的肿瘤细胞,如乳腺癌细胞、宫颈癌细胞、骨肉瘤细胞和肺腺癌细胞等,有望进一步扩大靶向PD-1/PD-L1肿瘤免疫治疗的适用范围,提高治疗的有效性,具有重要的研究意义和临床应用价值。

原始出处:

Yanlian Chen,et al.LIN28/let-7/PD-L1 Pathway as a Target for Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancer Immunology Research.March 2019

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