Genome Biology:爱食肉的喵星人,饮食会影响它的DNA

2016-11-11 佚名 生物探索

猫科、鼬科是哺乳动物中高度食肉化的种群,研究发现它们的DNA,受饮食控制。相比于食草动物,食肉动物经历了较强的自然选择,主要表现为丢失了许多具有碳水化合物消化的基因,增加了许多与肌肉力量和敏捷性相关的基因。用比较基因组学研究哺乳动物进化饮食或许是地球上所有物种最重要的选择。尤其是对于食肉动物而言,它们哺乳动物类群中经历了多次进化。在化石记录中,食肉动物的特化(specialization)常常是在

猫科、鼬科是哺乳动物中高度食肉化的种群,研究发现它们的DNA,受饮食控制。相比于食草动物,食肉动物经历了较强的自然选择,主要表现为丢失了许多具有碳水化合物消化的基因,增加了许多与肌肉力量和敏捷性相关的基因。
用比较基因组学研究哺乳动物进化

饮食或许是地球上所有物种最重要的选择。尤其是对于食肉动物而言,它们哺乳动物类群中经历了多次进化。在化石记录中,食肉动物的特化(specialization)常常是在相对较短的时间消失,这可能是因为它们处在饮食营养金字塔的顶部。

事实上,许多食肉动物特化密切相关的物种有更广泛的饮食,如北极熊、灰熊(杂食动物),猫科中的大熊猫(食草动物)、犬科中的熊(杂食动物),这种生活方式的频繁的进化引起了研究者的注意。

按照饮食类型来分,自然界中的哺乳动物主要分为三种类型:食肉动物、杂食动物和食草动物。如今,随着比较基因组学的发展,它也可用于哺乳动物饮食类型专门化的进化。

食肉动物经历了较强的自然选择

利用最新测序技术的进步,韩国国家生物资源研究所的Joo Hong Yeo对18种哺乳动物的基因组进行了测序,包括猫科的食肉动物(猫,老虎,猎豹以及豹)、杂食动物(人类)和草食动物(牛类)。其中,猫科、鼬科是哺乳动物中高度食肉化的种群。
研究发现,相比于食草动物,食肉动物经历了较强的自然选择,这或是因为他们的饮食,专业化的饮食导致了一些生理、生化和形态的变化。

具体表现为:在食肉动物的基因组中,丢失了许多具有碳水化合物消化的基因,增加了许多与肌肉力量和敏捷性相关的基因,从而使食肉动物成为更好的捕猎者。相比之下,杂食性和食草动物的基因组与同类相比,具有较少的变化,这表明饮食对它们的自然选择远弱于食肉动物。

尤其值得一提的是,许多大型猫科动物在遗传多样性方面损失严重,这表明遗传多样性的降低可能与他们严格的饮食有关。

研究意义:为饮食相关的遗传和健康研究提供了资源

这项研究提供了一个大规模的家庭层面的比较基因组分析,以解决与饮食专业化的基因组变化。

此外,这项基因组分析为饮食相关的遗传和健康研究提供了有用的资源。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1767051, encodeId=11c31e6705126, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=64f5343e2f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3437, encryptionId=64f5343e2f, topicName=Biol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=446937890434, createdName=12498ebem31暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Oct 01 19:24:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1917343, encodeId=67a4191e343f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Fri Jun 23 01:24:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155257, encodeId=e54515525e1d, content=自然选择, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=2dd71722896, createdName=studylzc, createdTime=Sat Nov 12 10:26:47 CST 2016, time=2016-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155047, encodeId=58eb15504e3b, content=饮食健康, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Fri Nov 11 16:21:32 CST 2016, time=2016-11-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-23 sunylz
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    2016-11-12 studylzc

    自然选择

    0

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    2016-11-11 187清风

    饮食健康

    0