Nat Commun:非洲谱系寨卡病毒株相比于亚洲谱系更具高传播性和胎儿致病性

2021-02-17 xiaozeng MedSci原创

寨卡病毒(ZIKV)是一种黄病毒,主要通过被感染的埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti mosquitoes)的叮咬在人类间传播。

寨卡病毒(ZIKV)是一种黄病毒,主要通过被感染的埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti mosquitoes)的叮咬在人类间传播。ZIKV的第一例人类感染病例发生于2007年的西太平洋密克罗尼亚群岛的雅铺岛。随后在2013-2014年期间在法属波利尼西亚和其他南太平洋岛屿出现了更大规模的ZIKV爆发。2015年5月,ZIKV首次在巴西被发现,并迅速在美洲和加勒比地区传播,造成了数十万例感染病例。

在不到十年的时间里,ZIKV从一种在非洲和亚洲出现的零星人类感染的鲜为人知的病毒变成了一种在近87个国家和地区检测到的活跃的近乎大流行的嗜神经性病毒。对于ZIKV病毒的遗传多样性系统进化分析鉴定了两个主要的ZIKV谱系,分别称为非洲谱系和亚洲谱系。

ZIKV菌株的系统发育谱系

令人惊讶的是,尽管越来越多的证据表明非洲ZIKV谱系具有更高的传播性和致病性,但迄今为止,所有人群暴发流行和出生缺陷都与亚洲ZIKV谱系相关。目前尚不清楚这种明显的悖论是否是由于大多数研究中可利用的非洲ZIKV菌株相对较老,且经历了多次传代所引起的。

非洲和亚洲寨卡病毒株的蚊虫感染率和传播效率

为了更严格地评估亚洲和非洲ZIKV谱系的相对流行潜力,在该研究中,研究人员比较了代表当前正在传播的病毒遗传多样性的七个低传代ZIKV病毒株。研究人员发现,相比于亚洲病毒株,最近的非洲ZIKV病毒株表现出在蚊子中更高的传播能力以及在小鼠中更高的致死率。


总而言之,该研究结果强调了非洲ZIKV病毒株的高流行潜力。研究人员发现,由于其易于造成胎儿损伤而非出生缺陷,因此,相比于亚洲病毒株,非洲ZIKV病毒株更容易被公共卫生监测系统所忽略。


原始出处:

Aubry, F., Jacobs, S., Darmuzey, M. et al. Recent African strains of Zika virus display higher transmissibility and fetal pathogenicity than Asian strains. Nat Commun 12, 916 (10 February 2021).

 

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    2021-10-26 cnxcy
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    2021-12-24 fusion
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    2021-06-02 liuli5079
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    2021-12-29 liye789132251
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    2021-02-17 liyu7822

    研究越来越细致了

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