长期腹泻要警惕!溃疡性结肠炎要做到这4点

2017-11-07 高奕楠 人民网-人民健康网

日前,北京中医药大学东方医院消化内科主任李军祥在采访中表示,溃疡性结肠炎的发病原因目前尚不清楚,但与人体自身的免疫调节异常有重要关系,受到心理、环境、感染和遗传因素等多方面的影响。

日前,北京中医药大学东方医院消化内科主任李军祥在采访中表示,溃疡性结肠炎的发病原因目前尚不清楚,但与人体自身的免疫调节异常有重要关系,受到心理、环境、感染和遗传因素等多方面的影响。

溃疡性结肠炎最常见的表现就是腹泻,俗称“拉肚子”。

症状常常表现为大便次数多,大便带血、有黏液,肚子痛,总有便意、排不净的感觉,有人会伴有发热、消瘦等。

“如果反复出现这种情况,应该尽快到医院做肠镜检查。这种病不能拖,因为重症患者会出现中毒性巨结肠、肠穿孔引发腹膜炎,危及生命。”李军祥说,溃疡性结肠炎发病虽然没有明显的季节性,但是秋季气温下降,特别是阴雨天气,容易复发。

李军祥介绍,在药物治疗方面,西医常用美沙拉嗪,这是一种5-氨基水杨酸类药物,先大剂量用药让症状消失,再用小剂量维持。如果患者症状较重,用美沙拉嗪效果不好,要考虑使用糖皮质激素,但激素副作用较大,只能短期用药。

对于重症患者,可能会用到免疫抑制剂,比如硫唑嘌呤,但免疫抑制剂在抑制肠道免疫的同时,也会抑制全身的免疫功能。近几年发展起来的生物制剂,也主要用于重症患者,但此类药物价格昂贵。

李军祥表示,中医药在治疗轻中度溃疡性结肠炎、难治性溃疡性结肠炎和重度溃疡性结肠炎具有一定优势。由于溃疡性结肠炎患者的情况千差万别。在遵循总的治疗原则的前提下,中医采用个体化治疗,价格相对较低,患者依从性好。

“中医强调辨证论治,认为溃疡性结肠炎属于本虚标实,根据病变部位的不同可采用口服药物治疗,也可采用中药复方灌肠的方法治疗,配合针灸、艾灸和按摩进行治疗。”李军祥说。

溃疡性结肠炎病情容易复发,对生活质量影响较大。

对此,李军祥建议患者日常生活中应从以下几个方面来管理疾病:

管住嘴。饮食上要均衡营养,尽量清淡。葱、姜、蒜不要吃得太多,不宜吃辣椒、海鲜、牛羊肉等发物;不宜吃生冷油腻的食物。

别熬夜。患者应该规律作息,适量运动,避免劳累过度。散步、快走、打太极拳都是不错的选择。

放宽心。过重的心理负担会加重病情。不妨听听舒缓的音乐,喝一点具有舒肝解郁作用的玫瑰花茶。

药别停。坚持规范用药、定期检查。不要因为怕麻烦自行停药,或者为追求见效快,自行使用激素。

针对患者关心的癌变的问题,李军祥认为,要根据患者的病程长短和病变范围定期做肠镜检查。病情超过八年以后需要定期复查肠镜,高危的患者一般建议1年做一次肠镜进行癌筛查,低危的3年做一次筛查就可以了。

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    2018-10-20 12427c31m92暂无昵称

    谢谢分享!

    0

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    2018-06-08 121e1d60m09暂无昵称

    谢谢!

    0

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    2018-03-23 nymo
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    2017-11-10 lou.minghong

    学习了谢谢分享!

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