Clin Cancer Res:黑色素瘤靶向治疗失败?巨噬细胞作祟!

2015-03-18 MedSci MedSci原创

在过去的几年中,以药物直接影响参与癌症的进展的特定基因和蛋白质为主要特征的靶向疗法,已获批准应用于各种癌症的治疗,包括被称为最致命皮肤癌的黑色素瘤。现在, Wistar研究所的研究人员发现了黑色素瘤对此类药物耐药的一个新途径,而对这种现象认识可能会形成一个新的黑色素瘤靶向目标或新治疗方法的设计方向。该项研究发表在最新一期的Clinical Cancer Research杂志上。靶向药物的攻击对象是


在过去的几年中,以药物直接影响参与癌症的进展的特定基因和蛋白质为主要特征的靶向疗法,已获批准应用于各种癌症的治疗,包括被称为最致命皮肤癌的黑色素瘤。现在, Wistar研究所的研究人员发现了黑色素瘤对此类药物耐药的一个新途径,而对这种现象认识可能会形成一个新的黑色素瘤靶向目标或新治疗方法的设计方向。该项研究发表在最新一期的Clinical Cancer Research杂志上。

靶向药物的攻击对象是发生突变的癌细胞而对健康组织的细胞不具有杀伤作用,因此当靶向疗法首次被批准用于治疗癌症时,他们被誉为一个潜在的“治愈”不同类型癌症方法,或者是可接受的化疗替代方案。对于黑色素瘤来说,基因BRAFV600E / K似乎是一个特别有前途的目标,因为这种基因突变可以在大约40 - 50%的黑色素瘤病例中被检测出。然而,尽管发生这种基因突变的患者在接受靶向BRAF突变的药物治疗后能够稍微延长生存时间,但他们经常在接受治疗后几个月内发生复发。

“我们曾经认为靶向疗法可能是癌症治疗的“神奇子弹”,但随着时间的推移,我们发现事实这根本不是这样的,尤其是对于应用BRAF抑制剂的黑色素瘤患者,” Wistar研究所名誉主席、该研究的第一作者Russel E. Kaufman博士说,“我们认为研究肿瘤微环境能够为患者使用靶向治疗药物后产生耐药性提供一种可能的解释,以此来指导治疗决策,并寻求更好、更有效的治疗方法。”

Kaufman和他的研究小组决定专注于巨噬细胞,一种被免疫学家冠名为“Pac Man”的白细胞。巨噬细胞能够在体内游走并专门“吃”各种类型的细胞碎片。在黑素瘤中巨噬细胞是最丰富的炎性细胞,它们的存在与病人预后在疾病的所有阶段呈负相关。黑素瘤相关巨噬细胞与肿瘤进展有着千丝万缕的关系,但他们在BRAF抑制剂耐药所发挥的作用在这项研究之前从没有被正确地认识。

研究人员通过体外细胞共培养系统以及多种分析程序,来研究黑色素瘤细胞以及巨噬细胞对于癌症扩散和细胞死亡水平的影响。研究人员还使用了两个临床前小鼠动物模型来确定是否靶向巨噬细胞能够提高BRAF抑制剂的有效性。

研究结果发现, BRAF抑制剂激活了巨噬细胞内的MAPK途径,而这个途径是细胞用来帮助细胞表面的受体与细胞内的DNA相联系并合成相应的蛋白质。在这种情况下,该信号通路的激活导致血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的产生,而这种蛋白则是与肿瘤生长密切相关,因为它促进肿瘤生存所需要的血管形成。VEGF在巨噬细胞生产反过来激活黑素瘤细胞的MAPK通路,从而促进肿瘤细胞的生长。

根据这些信息,研究人员发现阻断MAPK通路或VEGF信号似乎能够逆转巨噬细胞所介导的耐药现象。靶向巨噬细胞也增加了BRAF抑制剂在老鼠和人类肿瘤模型中的抗肿瘤活性。相反,巨噬细胞在黑素瘤中的存在则能够预测治疗后的早期复发。

“这项研究为我们研究患者靶向药物的脱靶效应提供了重要深层认识,” Kaufman说, “有了这个信息,我们可以确定这种脱靶效应是多么重要的一个存在信息。而从这里,我们可以决定以后黑色素瘤治疗的正确方法是针对巨噬细胞本身或者是设计新的不激活巨噬细胞的BRAF抑制剂。”

原始出处:

T. Wang, M. Xiao, Y. Ge, C. Krepler, E. Belser, A. Lopez-Coral, X. Xu, G. Zhang, R. Azuma, Q. Liu, R. Liu, L. Li, R. K. Amaravadi, W. Xu, G. Karakousis, T. C. Gangadhar, L. M. Schuchter, M. Lieu, S. Khare, M. B. Halloran, M. Herlyn, R. E. Kaufman. BRAF Inhibition Stimulates Melanoma-Associated Macrophages to Drive Tumor Growth. Clinical Cancer Research, 2015; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-1554

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    2015-08-18 sunylz
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    2015-03-18 xiaoai5777

    很好的文字谢谢

    0

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