PNAS:皮肤真菌或可治耐药细菌感染

2013-01-04 PNAS 中国科学报 孙爱民

中科院动物所的科研人员以皮肤真菌犬小孢子菌为对象,利用生物信息学和实验生物学方法鉴定了一个新型的真菌来源的防御素(孢子霉素)。该研究首次表明,皮肤真菌为一种新的抗感染药物资源,为治疗耐药性细菌引起的感染带来了新希望。相关成果日前发表在美国《国家科学院院刊》上。   据了解,耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌是两种严重影响人类健康的传染性病原微生物。传统抗生素的滥用导致这些细菌

中科院动物所的科研人员以皮肤真菌犬小孢子菌为对象,利用生物信息学和实验生物学方法鉴定了一个新型的真菌来源的防御素(孢子霉素)。该研究首次表明,皮肤真菌为一种新的抗感染药物资源,为治疗耐药性细菌引起的感染带来了新希望。相关成果日前发表在美国《国家科学院院刊》上。
 
据了解,耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌是两种严重影响人类健康的传染性病原微生物。传统抗生素的滥用导致这些细菌的耐药性迅速增强,从而增加了治疗成本和健康风险。发展新型特效的抗生素药物一直是科学家面临的挑战。
 
作为天然免疫效应分子的抗微生物肽为解决这一难题带来了新契机。与传统抗生素相比,抗微生物防御素具有独特的抗菌机制,能有效延缓细菌耐药性的产生。
 
此次研究人员发现,合成的孢子霉素在微摩尔浓度下,能有效抑制铜绿假单胞菌和多种耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌临床分离株的生长。“杀菌动力学试验表明,孢子霉素能在3小时内杀死将近100%的细菌。”中科院动物所研究员朱顺义告诉记者,细胞膜透化测定和电子显微镜观察发现,孢子霉素对细菌细胞膜没有影响,但能导致菌体内蛋白质样颗粒的沉积。
 
同时,朱顺义介绍说,与传统抗生素相比,孢子霉素具有更快的杀菌速率,能迅速清除感染,而且高度致密的空间结构使其在血清中具有更高的稳定性,“在血清中能存活超过24小时”。
 
“因为金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌为人类皮肤的正常菌群,我们的研究表明皮肤真菌有望成为针对这两种病原的新型抗生素的主要资源。”朱顺义表示。
 
据了解,该研究团队正利用相关的技术手段详细评估孢子霉素的临床应用前景,包括药代动力学和毒性测定以及分子改造和发酵生产等。

 Abstract
Fungi are a newly emerging source of peptide antibiotics with therapeutic potential. Here, we report 17 new fungal defensin-like peptide (fDLP) genes and the detailed characterization of a corresponding synthetic fDLP (micasin) from a dermatophyte in terms of its structure, activity and therapeutic potential. NMR analysis showed that synthetic micasin adopts a “hallmark” cysteine-stablized α-helical and β-sheet fold. It was active on both Gram-positive and Gram-negtive bacteria, and importantly it killed two clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa at low micromolar concentrations. Micasin killed approximately 100% of treated bacteria within 3 h through a membrane nondisruptive mechanism of action, and showed extremely low hemolysis and high serum stability. Consistent with these functional properties, micasin increases survival in mice infected by the pathogenic bacteria in a peritonitis model. Our work represents a valuable approach to explore novel peptide antibiotics from a large resource of fungal genomes.


    

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    2013-05-23 drwjr
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    2013-01-06 zhaojie88