Medscape伦理学报告2014, **部分(之一): 生命,死亡和疼痛

2015-02-04 CSCCM CSCCM公众微信

在职业生涯中医生需要做出很多痛苦的决定。某些情况涉及是否应当延长或终止患者的生命;其他情况则使得医生对于不同的价值观产生激烈的争论。超过21,000名医生向Medscape表达了自己关于医学最重要的问题的观点。回复者包括17,000名美国医生和4000名欧洲医生。本套幻灯仅总结了美国医生的问卷调查结果。同时也列举了有代表性的评论,以便大家对相关问题有更深入的了解。 最


在职业生涯中医生需要做出很多痛苦的决定。某些情况涉及是否应当延长或终止患者的生命;其他情况则使得医生对于不同的价值观产生激烈的争论。超过21,000名医生向Medscape表达了自己关于医学最重要的问题的观点。回复者包括17,000名美国医生和4000名欧洲医生。本套幻灯仅总结了美国医生的问卷调查结果。同时也列举了有代表性的评论,以便大家对相关问题有更深入的了解。


最近,医生协助自杀这一话题成为公众关注的焦点,尤其是了解到29岁的Brittany Maynard死亡的消息后。在终末期颅脑肿瘤进展后,Maynard于2014年11月选择终止自己的生命。美国6个州的法律允许医生协助自杀。自从2010年Medscape在医生伦理学调查中首次询问这一问题后,对这一措施表示支持的医生比例提高了8%。

"我相信终末期疾病如转移性肿瘤或退行性神经系统疾病剥夺了人们的尊严。如果疾病无疑处于不可治愈的终末期,我会支持患者终止自己生命的决定。如果我自己有同样需求的话,我也希望能够做出同样的选择。"

"医生的职责是治愈疾病。我们不是死亡的工具。这是错误的(选择)。"


在英国和一些欧洲国家,这一概念称为"医生协助死亡"。欧洲有关医生协助死亡的态度与美国大相径庭,受到不同文化、不同的宗教价值观以及对医生作用的不同观点等多种因素的影响。超过35个国家将近4000名医生对Medscape的伦理学调查进行了回答;大多数人来自英国、法国、意大利、西班牙和德国。

"兽医其实一直在这么做;这是我们给自己宠物的一种解脱。我们应当对自己所爱的人也有同样的仁慈之心。"

"我的工作是不造成任何损害。帮助他人自杀与Shipman医生(一名谋杀了超过250名患者的英国医生)有什么不同?"

"很显然,某些情况(终末期肿瘤造成的剧烈疼痛,ALS引起的极度呼吸困难等)下应当考虑进行人道的镇静治疗。"


Falconer勋爵有关协助死亡的法案目前正在英国国会进行辩论。下一次讨论的日期尚未确定。2014年对英国2050名成人进行的调查发现,73%的受访者支持通过协助死亡的法律。1

德国: "我永远不会协助患者自杀。但是我想应当允许少数患者接受协助自杀。"

英国: "如果患者所有家属都在场,而且任何一名家属都可以否决有关协助自杀的决定,那么根据现行法律,所有人都是谋杀的帮凶。"

意大利: "我们有权利选择何时死亡。‘医生协助死亡’使得这一选择对患者而言更加容易。"

法国: "这非常困难,但是,在消除沮丧的情绪并经过多次会议后,仍有可能采取这样的措施I。"

西班牙: "是的,当延续生命意味着患者需要经受不必要的苦难时(应当作出这样的选择)。"

1YouGov. Dignity in Dying survey results. http://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/63mety3ekh/
DignityinDying_Results_140521_AssistedDying.pdf


成千上万名医生通过书面回复表示,对患者家属的同情和关爱在决策中起到了重要作用,向患者提供各种合理的生存机会也同样重要。

"无效是相对的! 如果患者能够多生存几个月,他的家属能够继续与患者互动,尽管最终患者仍因疾病死亡,但这不是徒劳。"

"我会建议在很短的时间内进行生命支持治疗,以便患者家属逐渐接受这一不可避免的结局,并使得在远方的家属有机会前来与患者道别。"

"如果这样会使患者家属感觉更好,并且了解我们已经采取了能够采取的所有措施...我会推荐(进行生命支持治疗)。"

"我在过去就是这么做的,罹患致死性肝脏衰竭的患者最终完全康复。奇迹的确发生了。"

"这对任何人都没有帮助,也是导致医疗费用居高不下的原因之一。"


"是的,例如,CPR仅仅能够挽救极少数(1-3%)患者的生命,但是,无论是否知道心跳骤停的时间,实际上我们会对所有患者进行CPR。"

"我是一名急诊科医生。如果患者有脉搏,那么没有任何努力是徒劳的,除非有生前预嘱或代理人告诉我应当进行其他的选择。"

"我从不推荐自己认为无效的生命支持治疗,当家属拒绝撤除治疗并要求继续进行治疗时,我也从不进行治疗。这非常困难。"

"我通常不会进行推荐,但如果家属或护理人员认为有帮助,我会进行(生命支持治疗)。"

"即使我认为可能无效,但有时我也会进行短时间(通常有时间限制)的积极治疗,以帮助家属感受到对自己的亲人已经尽了所有努力。"


很多因素能够影响决策,但是,某些情况下,医生表示压力来自院方或付费的家属有关节约医疗费用的要求。

"我想,在某些情况下,撤除生命支持的要求过于积极。有时家属需要额外的时间考虑撤除生命支持治疗。"

"记住,获取器官以及器官移植也有相关费用。"

"我想,如果遵从适当程序,伦理委员会通常会考虑周全,并做出相应决定。"

"我(把这种情况)理解为患者家属认识到他们将欠很多钱。"

"我认为我们等待时间过久,应当更早撤除治疗。"


与患者家属产生矛盾并不少见。有时法律赋予的权力或代理人在家属一方,那么如果医生坚决反对家属的意见,则可能面临不愉快的争论。

"我的职责是针对患者本人,而不是针对可能希望患者死去从而继承其不动产的后代。"

"我对患者病情可能恢复的信心要超过家属的意愿。"

"是的,如果家属出于金钱或财富或其他非伦理学原因希望终止患者生命,(我会反对家属的意见)。"

"我会向患者及家属解释我的理由,并建议他们必要时选择另一名医生。"

"我会请求家属理解并允许我继续进行1至2天的治疗,以观察病情演变情况。"


在这一问题上医生的选择几乎均等,有关"可怕的生活"的判断也有较大不同。 男性与女性医生之间的差异极小。

"什么?我们是在扮演上帝吗?我们怎么知道谁将会生活在水深火热中?有很多身体健康的人过着悲惨的生活,也有很多身体残疾的人过着很有意义的生活。"

"这是那些丧子父母所需要的支持的一部分。"

"我相信在这方面花费的金钱太多了...这些钱本应花费在产前及其他预防项目上。"

"即使家属要求,我们也不应让孩子备受折磨。"

"我能够想象这样一种情况,所有这样的患者,不仅仅是新生儿,预计将经历可怕的生活。那么:不要进行ICU的治疗。"

这一争论激烈的问题包括两个不同的方面:医生有关流产的信念,以及谁的权利或意见更为重要—患者抑或医生?

"我的信仰经常与临床职责相矛盾。但是,由于职业的要求,患者永远是第一位的。"

"不。仅仅在急症时才能进行流产,而不是出于方便的目的。流产不是计划生育的手段。“

"只有当死胎或濒死的胎儿严重危及母亲的生命时,我才会进行流产。"

"质疑他人的信仰并非我的权利。我会假设他们与我一样坚持自己的信仰!"

"我的宗教信仰并不适用于他人。"


在美国,36个州禁止晚期流产(通常认为是妊娠20周后),除非出现危及孕妇生命或健康的情况。2014年,佛罗里达州通过了一项法案,如果医生评估胎儿娩出后仍可能存活,则禁止流产。

"医生应当尽可能保留生命。"

"你可以等到生产后再杀死孩子。“

"有些情况下,尽管很少见,这可能是正确的选择—例如某些异常(如无脑儿)或孩子有很明显的缺陷。"

"作为一名儿科医生,我看到了太多的悲剧,如果孩子从未出生,对所有人都将是好事。"

"仅当情况超出患者掌控时。他们在20周超声检查前可能无法发现严重的先天异常。"

感谢CSCCM授权转发,本文未经同意谢绝转载!

原始来源:

Medscape Ethics Report 2014, Part 1: Life, Death, and Pain.Leslie Kane, MA.Medscape December 16, 2014

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    2015-04-06 smlt2008
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    2015-09-19 szhvet
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1897973, encodeId=ca7c189e97316, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=832c404308' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4043, encryptionId=832c404308, topicName=CAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Mon Apr 06 17:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2062460, encodeId=a866206246076, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fc8f260491d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#伦理学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26049, encryptionId=fc8f260491d, topicName=伦理学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ec37461, createdName=szhvet, createdTime=Sat Sep 19 15:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725745, encodeId=e31d1e2574564, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Fri Jul 03 14:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15936, encodeId=a73815936df, content=已阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 14:50:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1298961, encodeId=ed36129896199, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aaca260456b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#伦理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26045, encryptionId=aaca260456b, topicName=伦理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f9279, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1350971, encodeId=2d0513509e1ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5a31596056' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15960, encryptionId=f5a31596056, topicName=SCAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1458570, encodeId=a23f14585e01c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6b5511492e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medscape#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11492, encryptionId=6b5511492e2, topicName=Medscape)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e4ab6090887, createdName=bnjfx@128.com, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606396, encodeId=3942160639667, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15062, encodeId=4afb1506201, content=good!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 17:42:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-07-03 feather89
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1897973, encodeId=ca7c189e97316, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=832c404308' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4043, encryptionId=832c404308, topicName=CAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Mon Apr 06 17:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2062460, encodeId=a866206246076, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fc8f260491d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#伦理学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26049, encryptionId=fc8f260491d, topicName=伦理学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ec37461, createdName=szhvet, createdTime=Sat Sep 19 15:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725745, encodeId=e31d1e2574564, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Fri Jul 03 14:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15936, encodeId=a73815936df, content=已阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 14:50:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1298961, encodeId=ed36129896199, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aaca260456b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#伦理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26045, encryptionId=aaca260456b, topicName=伦理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f9279, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1350971, encodeId=2d0513509e1ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5a31596056' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15960, encryptionId=f5a31596056, topicName=SCAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1458570, encodeId=a23f14585e01c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6b5511492e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medscape#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11492, encryptionId=6b5511492e2, topicName=Medscape)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e4ab6090887, createdName=bnjfx@128.com, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606396, encodeId=3942160639667, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15062, encodeId=4afb1506201, content=good!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 17:42:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-16 windmilL1989

    已阅

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1897973, encodeId=ca7c189e97316, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=832c404308' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4043, encryptionId=832c404308, topicName=CAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Mon Apr 06 17:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2062460, encodeId=a866206246076, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fc8f260491d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#伦理学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26049, encryptionId=fc8f260491d, topicName=伦理学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ec37461, createdName=szhvet, createdTime=Sat Sep 19 15:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725745, encodeId=e31d1e2574564, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Fri Jul 03 14:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15936, encodeId=a73815936df, content=已阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 14:50:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1298961, encodeId=ed36129896199, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aaca260456b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#伦理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26045, encryptionId=aaca260456b, topicName=伦理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f9279, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1350971, encodeId=2d0513509e1ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5a31596056' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15960, encryptionId=f5a31596056, topicName=SCAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1458570, encodeId=a23f14585e01c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6b5511492e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medscape#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11492, encryptionId=6b5511492e2, topicName=Medscape)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e4ab6090887, createdName=bnjfx@128.com, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606396, encodeId=3942160639667, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 06:34:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15062, encodeId=4afb1506201, content=good!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Wed Feb 04 17:42:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-06 slcumt
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    2015-02-06 zhaojie88
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    2015-02-06 智者为医08
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    2015-02-04 windmilL1989

    good!

    0

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