Neurology:塞卢美替尼(Selumetinib )治疗儿童神经纤维瘤的有效性和安全性: 系统综述和荟萃分析

2022-02-25 Naomi MedSci原创

近日,有研究人员进行了一项荟萃分析和系统综述。研究结果表明,塞卢米替尼是一种治疗有症状且无法手术的儿童丛状神经纤维瘤患者的安全有效的手段,尚需要进一步大规模的随机对照研究来确认长期结果。

      神经纤维瘤(NF1)是一种常见的常染色体显性遗传性神经系统皮肤疾病,新生儿发病率约为1/3000。临床表现主要涉及神经系统、皮肤和骨骼。神经纤维瘤是一种良性神经鞘瘤,有雪旺细胞、成纤维细胞和肥大细胞组成,是神经纤维瘤的特征性表现。神经纤维瘤快速生长,横跨神经,影响多个神经束,称为丛状神经纤维瘤(PN),可引起相当多的并发症,如畸形、运动功能障碍和疼痛。直到最近,PN的治疗选择大多局限于对有症状或明显肿瘤进展的患者进行手术切除。然而,由于肿瘤的浸润特性,大多数PN通常不能手术,完全手术切除是不可能的。此外,手术切除后肿瘤再生也很常见。更重要的是,恶性转化是一种严重的并发症,NF1患者发生恶性转化后的生存率显著受限。

      塞鲁美替尼(Selumetinib (azd6244,arry-142886))最近在美国被批准用于治疗2岁以上的儿童NF1和有症状但无法手术的PN。神经纤维蛋白1基因是一种编码神经纤维蛋白的肿瘤抑制基因。神经纤维素使调节细胞增殖和分化的 ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk)通路失活。神经纤维蛋白功能失调的NF1患者导致ras途径过度激活。Selumetinib 通过抑制 mapk 激酶(mek)活性阻断 ras 通路。最近在有症状、无法手术的PN患儿中进行的塞卢米替尼2期临床试验显示,它导致了持久的肿瘤萎缩和临床获益。其他几项研究已经用磁共振成像技术(MRI)评估了塞卢美替尼治疗 NF1患儿的疗效和/或安全性。

     塞鲁美替尼的批准有望改变儿童治疗1型神经纤维瘤的方式,特别是那些有症状且无法手术的PN患者。近日,有研究人员进行了一项荟萃分析和系统综述,以期根据最新的临床试验和前瞻性研究,提供一个关于塞卢美替尼治疗儿童神经纤维瘤病1型的疗效和安全性的概述和总结。其发现将有助于这种新药在临床上的广泛应用。

      2021年1月28日前,在 pubmed 和 embase 上发表报道塞卢美替尼治疗 nf1有效性和安全性的原始文献。采用基于随机效应模型的德西蒙-莱尔德方法计算总合客观反应率(orrs)和疾病控制率(dcrs)。同时计算不良事件的总合比例。证据的质量通过建议评级、评估、发展和评价系统进行评估。

  • 该分析包括了涉及126名患者的5项研究。
  • 这些研究的证据质量从非常低到中等。
  • 总有效率为73.8% (95% ci: 57.3-85.5%) ,疾病控制率为92.5% (95% ci: 66.5-98.7%)。
  • 两种最常见的不良反应分别为腹泻,累积率为63.8% (95% ci,52.9-73.4%) ,肌酸激酶升高,累积率为63.3% (95% ci,35.6-84.3%)。

      研究结果表明,塞卢米替尼是一种治疗有症状且无法手术的儿童丛状神经纤维瘤患者的安全有效手段。需要进一步大规模的随机对照研究来确认用这种药物治疗的患者的长期结果。

文献来源:Hwang J, Yoon HM, Lee BH, Kim PH, Kim KW. Efficacy and Safety of Selumetinib in Pediatric Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [published online ahead of print, 2022 Jan 11]. Neurology. 2022;10.1212/WNL.0000000000013296. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000013296

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    2023-02-05 yinhl1978
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    2023-01-22 venlin
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    2022-10-07 一闲
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