Nat Med:阿尔茨海默氏患者是如何失去记忆的?

2014-07-14 佚名 生物谷

韩国研究人员发现,反应性星形胶质细胞(reactive astrocytes)在阿尔茨海默氏症患者被普遍观察到,结果是异常和大量生成抑制性神经递质γ-氨基丁酸,并通过Bestrophin-1通道将其释放。被释放的GABA强烈抑制邻近的神经元,引起突触传递、可塑性和记忆损害。这一发现将有助开发新的药物用于治疗这类疾病。 阿尔茨海默氏症,是老年痴呆最常见的原因,是致命的,目前还没有治愈方法。在阿

韩国研究人员发现,反应性星形胶质细胞(reactive astrocytes)在阿尔茨海默氏症患者被普遍观察到,结果是异常和大量生成抑制性神经递质γ-氨基丁酸,并通过Bestrophin-1通道将其释放。被释放的GABA强烈抑制邻近的神经元,引起突触传递、可塑性和记忆损害。这一发现将有助开发新的药物用于治疗这类疾病。

阿尔茨海默氏症,是老年痴呆最常见的原因,是致命的,目前还没有治愈方法。在阿尔茨海默氏病中,脑细胞受损和破坏,从而导致破坏性的记忆丧失。然而,迄今为止,阿尔茨海默氏症相关痴呆症的机制没有得到清晰的认识。

韩国研究小组发现,在阿尔茨海默氏病模型小鼠的反应性星形胶质细胞(reactive astrocytes)通过单胺氧化酶B(MAO-B)生成抑制性递质γ-氨基丁酸,并通过Bestrophin-1通道释放GABA,在突触传递期间抑制正常的信息流。

根据这一发现,研究人员能够通过抑制MAO-B或Bestrophin-1,减少GABA生成和释放,并成功改善阿尔茨海默氏病模型小鼠受损的神经元放电,突触传递和记忆。

在行为测试研究中,老鼠往往喜欢黑暗的地方。如果老鼠在黑暗的地方遇到触电,它会记住这个事件,避免黑暗的地方。然而,阿尔茨海默氏症鼠不记得这种触电冲击是否关系到黑暗地方,并仍会去黑暗的地方。

研究表明这些小鼠用MAO-B抑制剂治疗完全恢复了小鼠的记忆。目前,司来吉兰(Selegiline)是帕金森氏病的一种辅助治疗药物,被评定为最有前途的MAO-B抑制剂药物。但它先前已经证明对阿尔茨海默氏病不那么有效。

新研究证实司来吉兰在短时间内是有效的,但是,当它被长期使用,它在阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠中就失去其效力。当给予1周,司来吉兰将神经元放电活动恢复到正常水平。但是,当小鼠被治疗2和4周时,神经元的放电活动回来未处理小鼠水平。

主要研究人员C. Justin Lee C博士说:从这个研究,我们揭示了阿尔茨海默氏症患者如何失去记忆的新机制。我们也提出治疗老年痴呆症的新治疗靶点,其中包括GABA的生成和释放。

原始出处:

Jo S1, Yarishkin O2, Hwang YJ3, Chun YE4, Park M5, Woo DH6, Bae JY7, Kim T6, Lee J6, Chun H6, Park HJ8, Lee DY6, Hong J6, Kim HY3, Oh SJ9, Park SJ6, Lee H6, Yoon BE6, Kim Y3, Jeong Y10, Shim I8, Bae YC7, Cho J5, Kowall NW11, Ryu H12, Hwang E6, Kim D13, Lee CJ14.GABA from reactive astrocytes impairs memory in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.Nat Med. 2014 Jun 29. doi: 10.1038/nm.3639. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2015-04-04 liye789132251
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