一次PET-CT等于30年辐射?危言耸听!

2015-08-21 张俊祥 MedSci原创

PET-CT是医学影像设备中“高大上”的典型代表,将PET和CT机器合二为一,集PET和CT二者的优势于一体,将两种检查方法获得的同一断面人体图像进行“图像融合”,可同时观察人体的代谢功能状况及解剖形态结构,而且可以做全身大范围扫描。 PET-CT的出现无疑是医学影像学的又一次革命,不可否认它具有前所未有的成像功能和诊断潜能,但PET-CT也同时存在放射性同位素辐射和X线辐射的问题。

PET-CT是医学影像设备中“高大上”的典型代表,将PET和CT机器合二为一,集PET和CT二者的优势于一体,将两种检查方法获得的同一断面人体图像进行“图像融合”,可同时观察人体的代谢功能状况及解剖形态结构,而且可以做全身大范围扫描。

PET-CT的出现无疑是医学影像学的又一次革命,不可否认它具有前所未有的成像功能和诊断潜能,但PET-CT也同时存在放射性同位素辐射和X线辐射的问题。

网上流传《揭开PET-CT检查的辐射真相》一文中写道——“一次全身PET-CT检查相当于一个正常人一小时内接受30年的辐射剂量”,笔者认为这是危言耸听的说法。

我国《辐射防护规定》(GB 8703-88)中,辐射工作人员的年有效剂量当量限值为50mSv(毫西弗),一次性应急照射限值为100mSv,公众成员年有效剂量当量为1mSv。该规定明确指出:上述剂量当量限值不包括医疗照射和天然本底照射。实际上人体受天然本底照射的年平均有效剂量约为2.4 mSv,高本底地区、高海拔地区、经常乘坐飞机的人群剂量更高。

一般情况下,全身PET-CT检查的有效剂量在10mSv上下,最高可能达到30mSv,而其它的放射检查(如胃肠道造影、DSA冠状动脉造影、CT血管成像等)剂量在几至十几mSv之间。不同型号的机器、不同的操作人员、不同的成像方法对辐射剂量有较大影响。现在设备生产商和医生们都在努力开发研究降低剂量的新技术,患者所受的辐射会越来越低。

在PET-CT的实际应用中我们也要避免几个认识误区。

一、PET-CT只能用于肿瘤检查。错。大多数肿瘤的代谢非常旺盛,PET-CT可能比其它影像检查手段更早地发现肿瘤征象,但是肿瘤诊断不是PET-CT的唯一用途。在中枢神经系统(脑)和心脏疾病诊断中PET-CT也大有用武之地。PET-CT可以对部分脑癫痫病灶进行准确定位,为外科手术或伽玛刀治疗提供依据;PET-CT也可用于老年性痴呆的早期诊断、鉴别与分期;PET-CT心肌代谢显像是目前判断心肌细胞活性最准确的方法,可以鉴别坏死心肌与可逆性缺血心肌,对介入治疗、冠状动脉搭桥手术有重要的指导作用。

二、PET-CT可以查出所有肿瘤。错。PET-CT只是影像学检查手段的一种,也可能出现假阳性(无癌看成癌)和假阴性(有癌没看到)的结果。如一些感染性病变甚至外伤也会出现局部代谢旺盛的表现,可能被误诊为肿瘤。另一方面,部分代谢不活跃的肿瘤如高分化肺癌、肾脏透明细胞癌、前列腺癌、原发性肝细胞肝癌、低度恶性淋巴瘤等可能被漏诊或被误认为良性病变。

三、癌症患者都需要做PET-CT。错。癌症患者的影像学检查目的包括诊断、分期、指导治疗方案制定、疗效观察、随访复查等。超声、X线、CT、MRI、PET-CT等不同影像学检查手段各有所长也各有限度,应该根据不同患者的情况选择“个体化”检查方案,扬长避短,发挥影像学整体综合优势,如果诊断信息已经足够就无需再做多余的检查,所以并非癌症患者都要做PET-CT。

四、PET-CT可以作为健康体检之用。错。对于健康体检而言,PET-CT的价格太昂贵,阳性率太低,性价比不高,可谓高射炮打蚊子,不合算。部分体检中心宣扬PET-CT作为常规健康体检使用,有诱导消费之嫌。

五、PET-CT辐射严重超标。错。PET-CT同时存在放射性同位素辐射和X线辐射问题,但网上流传“一次全身PET-CT检查相当于一个正常人一小时内接受30年的辐射剂量”是危言耸听的说法。

医学检查中的辐射应充分遵循“实践正当性”原则,两害相权取其轻,在做好充分防护的前提下,合理选择PET-CT检查是没有问题的,但是对于育龄期女性和儿童等辐射敏感人群应尽量避免PET-CT检查。另外值得注意的是要合理控制一定时间段内所有辐射检查(包括X线透视、摄片、造影、DSA、CT、核素检查、PET-CT等)的总次数和时间间隔。

目前PET-CT最常用的显像剂是18F-FDG(18氟代脱氧葡萄糖),其半衰期(放射性强度衰减一半所需要的时间)只有110分钟(10小时后衰减到3%以下,24小时后接近于0),且注射剂量很低,在人体可以接受的安全范围内,检查后多饮水有助于其快速排泄。辐射强度与距离的平方成反比,距离越远则剂量越低,患者检查后无须特殊隔离,正常生活不受影响,仅劝告其10小时内不要与孕妇或儿童密切接触(如拥抱、同睡)。

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    2015-09-27 feather89
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    2015-12-25 暗夜微凉

    和一个部位的增强CT差不多,为什么没人提一次CT辐射等于30年辐射呢?奇怪

    0

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    2015-11-13 vpssa

    一次PET-CT等于30年辐射可危言耸听了。但是pet-ct辐射多大,伤害多大这里并没有涉及到,有相关数据么?

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725880, encodeId=a5611e25880b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Sun Sep 27 19:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47773, encodeId=edd14e773fc, content=和一个部位的增强CT差不多,为什么没人提一次CT辐射等于30年辐射呢?奇怪, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d0c81674416, createdName=暗夜微凉, createdTime=Fri Dec 25 21:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43121, encodeId=565e4312110, content=一次PET-CT等于30年辐射可危言耸听了。但是pet-ct辐射多大,伤害多大这里并没有涉及到,有相关数据么?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201205/e96b3d935daf4e258fba69d60175f0ab/b6d3ee4a3a414b8eafaf7c5e905937a2.jpg, createdBy=ad4b83208, createdName=vpssa, createdTime=Fri Nov 13 14:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43114, encodeId=a7664311487, content=很好的科普,很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b021663060, createdName=wangweimin0709, createdTime=Fri Nov 13 10:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1331038, encodeId=8aa41331038c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=15e2140e438' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14074, encryptionId=15e2140e438, topicName=PET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI5PdY90y5Jib8FnPhCXTR2d9v3K17epNSwB2eb0vmXUldNJl2e72S4unZTAHLAojicdVSialTDFHAxA/132, createdBy=78d82500042, createdName=ms7514935887898259, createdTime=Sun Aug 23 02:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1349306, encodeId=3a4113493067b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=838593e35b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#辐射#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93735, encryptionId=838593e35b2, topicName=辐射)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8e4c53, createdName=jiyangfei, createdTime=Sun Aug 23 02:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1426256, encodeId=1f8714262569a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a4ef140e620' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PET-CT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14076, encryptionId=a4ef140e620, topicName=PET-CT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21cd4047192, createdName=saikp, createdTime=Sun Aug 23 02:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-11-13 wangweimin0709

    很好的科普,很好

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725880, encodeId=a5611e25880b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Sun Sep 27 19:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47773, encodeId=edd14e773fc, content=和一个部位的增强CT差不多,为什么没人提一次CT辐射等于30年辐射呢?奇怪, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d0c81674416, createdName=暗夜微凉, createdTime=Fri Dec 25 21:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43121, encodeId=565e4312110, content=一次PET-CT等于30年辐射可危言耸听了。但是pet-ct辐射多大,伤害多大这里并没有涉及到,有相关数据么?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201205/e96b3d935daf4e258fba69d60175f0ab/b6d3ee4a3a414b8eafaf7c5e905937a2.jpg, createdBy=ad4b83208, createdName=vpssa, createdTime=Fri Nov 13 14:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43114, encodeId=a7664311487, content=很好的科普,很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b021663060, createdName=wangweimin0709, createdTime=Fri Nov 13 10:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1331038, encodeId=8aa41331038c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=15e2140e438' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14074, encryptionId=15e2140e438, topicName=PET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI5PdY90y5Jib8FnPhCXTR2d9v3K17epNSwB2eb0vmXUldNJl2e72S4unZTAHLAojicdVSialTDFHAxA/132, createdBy=78d82500042, createdName=ms7514935887898259, createdTime=Sun Aug 23 02:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1349306, encodeId=3a4113493067b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=838593e35b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#辐射#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93735, encryptionId=838593e35b2, topicName=辐射)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8e4c53, createdName=jiyangfei, createdTime=Sun Aug 23 02:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1426256, encodeId=1f8714262569a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a4ef140e620' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PET-CT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14076, encryptionId=a4ef140e620, topicName=PET-CT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21cd4047192, createdName=saikp, createdTime=Sun Aug 23 02:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725880, encodeId=a5611e25880b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Sun Sep 27 19:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47773, encodeId=edd14e773fc, content=和一个部位的增强CT差不多,为什么没人提一次CT辐射等于30年辐射呢?奇怪, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d0c81674416, createdName=暗夜微凉, createdTime=Fri Dec 25 21:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43121, encodeId=565e4312110, content=一次PET-CT等于30年辐射可危言耸听了。但是pet-ct辐射多大,伤害多大这里并没有涉及到,有相关数据么?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201205/e96b3d935daf4e258fba69d60175f0ab/b6d3ee4a3a414b8eafaf7c5e905937a2.jpg, createdBy=ad4b83208, createdName=vpssa, createdTime=Fri Nov 13 14:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43114, encodeId=a7664311487, content=很好的科普,很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b021663060, createdName=wangweimin0709, createdTime=Fri Nov 13 10:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1331038, encodeId=8aa41331038c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=15e2140e438' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14074, encryptionId=15e2140e438, topicName=PET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI5PdY90y5Jib8FnPhCXTR2d9v3K17epNSwB2eb0vmXUldNJl2e72S4unZTAHLAojicdVSialTDFHAxA/132, createdBy=78d82500042, createdName=ms7514935887898259, createdTime=Sun Aug 23 02:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1349306, encodeId=3a4113493067b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=838593e35b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#辐射#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93735, encryptionId=838593e35b2, topicName=辐射)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8e4c53, createdName=jiyangfei, createdTime=Sun Aug 23 02:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1426256, encodeId=1f8714262569a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a4ef140e620' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PET-CT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14076, encryptionId=a4ef140e620, topicName=PET-CT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21cd4047192, createdName=saikp, createdTime=Sun Aug 23 02:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-23 jiyangfei
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725880, encodeId=a5611e25880b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Sun Sep 27 19:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47773, encodeId=edd14e773fc, content=和一个部位的增强CT差不多,为什么没人提一次CT辐射等于30年辐射呢?奇怪, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d0c81674416, createdName=暗夜微凉, createdTime=Fri Dec 25 21:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43121, encodeId=565e4312110, content=一次PET-CT等于30年辐射可危言耸听了。但是pet-ct辐射多大,伤害多大这里并没有涉及到,有相关数据么?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201205/e96b3d935daf4e258fba69d60175f0ab/b6d3ee4a3a414b8eafaf7c5e905937a2.jpg, createdBy=ad4b83208, createdName=vpssa, createdTime=Fri Nov 13 14:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43114, encodeId=a7664311487, content=很好的科普,很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b021663060, createdName=wangweimin0709, createdTime=Fri Nov 13 10:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1331038, encodeId=8aa41331038c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=15e2140e438' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14074, encryptionId=15e2140e438, topicName=PET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI5PdY90y5Jib8FnPhCXTR2d9v3K17epNSwB2eb0vmXUldNJl2e72S4unZTAHLAojicdVSialTDFHAxA/132, createdBy=78d82500042, createdName=ms7514935887898259, createdTime=Sun Aug 23 02:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1349306, encodeId=3a4113493067b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=838593e35b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#辐射#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93735, encryptionId=838593e35b2, topicName=辐射)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8e4c53, createdName=jiyangfei, createdTime=Sun Aug 23 02:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1426256, encodeId=1f8714262569a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a4ef140e620' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PET-CT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14076, encryptionId=a4ef140e620, topicName=PET-CT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21cd4047192, createdName=saikp, createdTime=Sun Aug 23 02:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-23 saikp

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