就算不吃,看也不行!Cell子刊:看一眼美食就会触发大脑的炎症反应

2022-07-07 梅斯医学整理 梅斯医学整理

闭上双眼,不要让我看见美食~

俗话说,民以食为天。美食的诱惑,又有谁能抵挡的住?!科学家发现,人们对即将到来的大餐的期待也会触发身体的一系列反应,也许最熟悉的就是流口水了。在过去,人们还不清楚进食的感觉是如何向胰腺发出信号,从而增加胰岛素分泌的。

近日,瑞士巴塞尔大学的研究人员在Cell Metabolism 杂志发表了一项研究显示,即便是看一眼、闻一下美食,都会触发胰岛素的释放,这种视觉或嗅觉触发的胰岛素释放被称为脑刺激胰岛素释放,而白介素1β(IL-1β)是脑刺激胰岛素释放的关键信号分子,这种释放形式与大脑中的短期炎症反应有关。然而,在超重的个体中,这种炎症反应太过强烈,会损害胰岛素分泌。

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在这项研究中,研究人员将小鼠禁食过夜后,放入新笼中,一些小鼠笼子中则放入食物,无食物者为对照组,小鼠在接近食物咬了第一口后立即采血。结果发现,血糖没有升高,但小鼠血液循环中的胰岛素浓度已经提升,这意味着,这种短暂的脑刺激足以影响胰岛素分泌。

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通过IL-1β抑制剂预防脑刺激胰岛素分泌受损

随后,研究人员评估了脑刺激对胰岛素分泌过程的重要性,在给予小鼠IL-1β中和抗体或抑制剂后,则会抑制胰岛素分泌水平,这也就意味着IL-1β在脑刺激胰岛素分泌中的重要性。在喂食2周高脂饮食的小鼠中,脑刺激胰岛素释放受损,在给予IL-1β抑制剂治疗之后,小鼠胰岛素释放就恢复正常了。

研究人员表示,令人惊讶的是,IL-1β这种炎症因子在健康个体的正常胰岛素分泌中占相当大的比例,因为它也参与了2型糖尿病的发展。这种糖尿病也被称为“成人型糖尿病”,是由慢性炎症引起的,它会破坏胰腺的胰岛素生成细胞,以及其他疾病。这是IL1B发挥关键作用的另一种情况——在这种情况下,它的产生和分泌量过大。考虑到这一点,临床研究正在检验这种炎症因子的抑制剂是否适合用作糖尿病的治疗药物。”

“我们的研究结果表明,IL1B在将视觉和嗅觉等感官信息与随后的神经调节胰岛素分泌联系起来并调节这种联系方面发挥着重要作用。”研究人员总结道。

参考资料

The cephalic phase of insulin release is modulated by IL-1β.Cell Metabolism .2022

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    2022-11-21 维他命
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    2022-07-07 huaguang

    炎症反应过大,损害胰岛素分泌

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