Nat Metab:吃得少可以延长寿命,但什么时候吃更重要

2021-10-20 医诺维 医诺维

2021年10月18日,美国威斯康星大学的研究人员在" Nature Metabolism "期刊在线发表了一篇题为" Fasting drives the metabolic, molecular

一直以来,人们就把减少热量摄入与延长寿命联系在了一起。事实上,越来越多的研究表明,禁食有许多健康益处,限制热量饮食可以减轻体重,改善代谢健康,预防或延缓年龄增长带来的疾病,甚至可以延长寿命。

2021年10月18日,美国威斯康星大学的研究人员在" Nature Metabolism "期刊在线发表了一篇题为" Fasting drives the metabolic, molecular and geroprotective effects of a calorie-restricted diet in mice "的研究论文。

研究表明,与单纯的少吃相比,什么时候吃对改善代谢健康和延长寿命有更大的作用,研究证明了在低热量饮食的益处中,每天长时间禁食是其中的重要组成部分。

早在一个世纪前,研究人员就知道限制热量可以延长啮齿动物的寿命。但是之前的研究只是单纯的限制了热量摄入,所以研究人员决定找出喂食的时间间隔是否会起作用,并发现不仅仅是食物的数量起作用。

在该研究中,研究人员在小鼠中比较了四种饮食方案。第一组,不限制热量饮食;第二组,不限制热量饮食,短时间内吃饱,后面长时间禁食;另外两组每天摄入的热量减少了30%,第三组,限制热量饮食,12小时内分三次进餐;第四组,限制热量饮食,一顿快速吃完食物,在随后的21个小时里禁食。

四种不同饮食方案

尽管后两种饮食方案都让小鼠少吃,但有些小鼠每天禁食时间很长,有些小鼠则从不禁食。16周以后,吃得少的两组动物都达到了一定的减重、减脂效果。然而,它们的状态还是出现了差别。

随后,研究人员测试了它们的各项代谢指标,观察到只有最后一组显着提高了对胰岛素的敏感性。

研究发现,与少吃相结合,禁食可以减少老年时的虚弱,延长小鼠的寿命。此外,单独禁食可以改善血糖和肝脏代谢。

禁食在限制热量饮食的益处中起着关键作用

尽管在不禁食的情况下限制热量的小鼠确实显示出一些改善的血糖控制,但令人惊讶的是,与既少吃又禁食的小鼠相比,它们的寿命普遍偏短,比禁食的小鼠平均短8个月!这表明仅仅只是吃得少,可能对健康还有负面影响。

研究人员表示,这项研究结果推翻了热量限制饮食对哺乳动物的有益影响只是通过减少热量摄入来介导的这一传统观点,并强调了禁食是热量代谢和老年保护作用的重要组成部分。

研究人员指出,虽然对人类的短期研究似乎证实,将食物摄入量限制在一天中的4-8小时似乎有一些好处,但长期后果仍然未知。

剑桥大学的研究人员表示,类似的人体实验需要让人类在一天内摄入一周所需的所有卡路里,然后在接下来的6天里挨饿,这显然不现实。

总之,该研究进一步强调了营养和新陈代谢的复杂性,并为试图解开饮食引起的动物和人类健康益处的真正原因的研究人员提供了指导。

原始出处:

Pak, H.H., Haws, S.A., Green, C.L. et al. Fasting drives the metabolic, molecular and geroprotective effects of a calorie-restricted diet in mice. Nat Metab (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-021-00466-9.

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    2022-03-22 liye789132251
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    2022-08-14 guojianrong
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    2022-09-05 一闲
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