JNNP:视雪综合征患者局部脑灌注增加:一项伪连续动脉自旋标记研究

2021-07-16 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

视雪症又称Visual Snow syndrome (VSS) ,就是在患者看东西时,眼前像电视机没有信号一样,全是密密麻麻的亮点,尤其是晚上看天空或者睡觉之前关灯过后看黑暗的地方症状会变得特别明显。

视雪症又称Visual Snow syndrome (VSS) ,就是在患者看东西时,眼前像电视机没有信号一样,全是密密麻麻的亮点,尤其是晚上看天空或者睡觉之前关灯过后看黑暗的地方症状会变得特别明显。尽管VSS的病理生理学在很大程度上还不清楚,但是越来越多的文献已经开始提供一些关于这种疾病潜在的生物学机制的见解。行为学和神经生理学研究显示,大脑皮层兴奋性和视皮层功能障碍的变化模式。通过神经成像,可以确定VSS的特征是纹状体外视觉皮质的代谢改变以及涉及视觉系统的结构改变,并进一步扩展到视觉系统以外。动脉自旋标记(ASL)是一种定量的、非侵入性的功能磁共振成像技术,在过去的十年中有了长足的发展,利用静息灌注作为神经元活动的间接而敏感的标志物。

在这项研究中,调查了VSS患者与对照组之间大脑活动的内在差异,用ASL测定了局部脑血流量(rCBF)的差异。考虑到VSS具有异常感知的特点,为了区分视觉加工改变引起的变化与持续的视雪症本身的变化,研究了受试者在休息时和模拟视雪症体验的视觉任务期间的变化。假设视觉网络中的这些区域以VSS受试者的脑血流变化为特征,间接反映了神经元活动的变化。另一个假设是,这些区域在大脑活动的不同状态下不会显示出特殊的变化,因为视雪症是一种持续的现象,似乎不受外部条件的影响。

Figure 1

与健康对照组(n=24)相比,视雪综合征患者(n=24)出现的(a)观察“雪样”视觉刺激(B)局部脑血流量增加的区域。

选择24名根据现行标准诊断为VSS的患者和同等数量的年龄和性别匹配的健康志愿者进行研究。招募对象仅限于20-60岁,无核磁共振禁忌症,无严重疾病,每天喝咖啡不超过6杯,对任何类型的娱乐药物(包括大麻)都不敏感的人。这项研究包括一次电话采访,对参与者的资格进行评估,然后两次就诊。在第一次就诊期间,患者进行了全身和神经系统检查、血压和心率监测。每位患者接受临床访谈,重点是VSS症状、病史和偏头痛病史。VSS的诊断是基于至少持续3个月的视觉静态观察。邀请符合条件的患者进行第二次就诊,并进行MRI扫描。采用三维伪连续ASL(3D-pCASL)序列生成全脑CBF图。通过使用相同的读出参数,将差异图像与序列结束时获得的质子密度图像分开,从四个对照标记对的平均灌注加权差异图像计算CBF图。研究中的所有参与者都接受了两次单独的pCASL采集,一次是在基线检查时,另一次是在视觉任务中。

Figure 2

观察空白屏幕和观察“雪样”视觉刺激时,视雪综合征与健康对照组局部脑血流量增加区域的对比说明

在广泛的脑网络中,VSS患者的rCBF高于对照组,包括双侧楔部、楔前叶、辅助运动皮质、前运动皮质和后扣带回皮质,以及左侧初级听觉皮质、梭状回和小脑。这些区域在很大程度上类似于比较病人在休息时,或当看到一个'雪样'视觉刺激。在这两种情况下,这种广泛的、相似的灌注差异模式表明了视觉雪的神经生理学特征。此外,视觉刺激期间,VSS受试者的右侧脑岛rCBF较对照组增加,反映出与任务相关的更大变化,并表明在持续感知改变的视觉输入时,感觉加工存在差异。VSS患者在多个脑区表现出特定的区域灌注增加模式,这些区域主要参与复杂的感觉处理,而在健康受试者中则没有。数据表明VSS存在潜在的神经生物学紊乱。鉴于这些改变在静息状态下的大脑和特定的视觉任务中都可以看到,这表明VSS中神经元功能改变的内在模式,这可能代表了特定的病理生理学特征。

前楔前区的感觉运动区与辅助运动区直接相连,也表现出灌注增加。这些区域以及角回通常在认知要求高的任务中被激活,在控制内部产生的或视觉引导的运动和视觉-感觉整合中被激活。楔前叶更内侧的部分也是额顶叶网络的一个组成部分,灌注增加的大顶叶区域包括视觉区域V5,一个专门处理和计算视觉运动的大脑区域,通过整合和解码从初级视觉皮层接收到的输入。该区域功能的增强证明了通过VSS11结构成像检测到的更大体积是合理的。然而,为了全面评估V5在视觉感知中的作用,未来还需要完成与视觉运动感知相关的具体任务。额叶眼场在视觉运动和视觉空间注意中也起着重要作用。

这些数据表明VSS患者在视觉刺激的大脑处理上有显著差异,证实了其神经生物学基础。

Puledda FSchankin CJO'Daly O, et al Localised increase in regional cerebral perfusion in patients with visual snow syndrome: a pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling study

 

 

 
 
 

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    2021-07-18 chg122
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    2021-07-17 ms5000000518166734

    已读,学习,真是受益匪浅呀。

    0