Journal Description
Cancers
Cancers
is a peer-reviewed, open access journal of oncology, published semimonthly online by MDPI. The Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR), Spanish Association for Cancer Research (ASEICA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), British Neuro-Oncology Society (BNOS) and Spanish Group for Cancer Immuno-Biotherapy (GÉTICA) are affiliated with Cancers and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, Embase, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Oncology) / CiteScore - Q1 (Oncology)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 17.9 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.8 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Sections: published in 18 topical sections.
- Companion journals for Cancers include: Radiation and Onco.
Impact Factor:
5.2 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
5.6 (2022)
Latest Articles
Relative Wash-In Rate in Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a New Prognostic Biomarker for Event-Free Survival in 82 Patients with Osteosarcoma: A Multicenter Study
Cancers 2024, 16(11), 1954; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16111954 (registering DOI) - 21 May 2024
Abstract
Background: The decreased perfusion of osteosarcoma in dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, reflecting a good histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, has been described. Purpose: In this study, we aim to explore the potential of the relative wash-in rate as a prognostic factor for event-free
[...] Read more.
Background: The decreased perfusion of osteosarcoma in dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, reflecting a good histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, has been described. Purpose: In this study, we aim to explore the potential of the relative wash-in rate as a prognostic factor for event-free survival (EFS). Methods: Skeletal high-grade osteosarcoma patients, treated in two tertiary referral centers between 2005 and 2022, were retrospectively included. The relative wash-in rate (rWIR) was determined with DCE-MRI before, after, or during the second cycle of chemotherapy (pre-resection). A previously determined cut-off was used to categorize patients, where rWIR < 2.3 was considered poor and rWIR ≥ 2.3 a good radiological response. EFS was defined as the time from resection to the first event: local recurrence, new metastases, or tumor-related death. EFS was estimated using Kaplan–Meier’s methodology. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the effect of histological response and rWIR on EFS, adjusted for traditional prognostic factors. Results: Eighty-two patients (median age: 17 years; IQR: 14–28) were included. The median follow-up duration was 11.8 years (95% CI: 11.0–12.7). During follow-up, 33 events occurred. Poor histological response was not significantly associated with EFS (HR: 1.8; 95% CI: 0.9–3.8), whereas a poor radiological response was associated with a worse EFS (HR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1–5.0). In a subpopulation without initial metastases, the binary assessment of rWIR approached statistical significance (HR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.0–5.2), whereas its continuous evaluation demonstrated a significant association between higher rWIR and improved EFS (HR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5–0.9), underlining the effect of response to chemotherapy. The 2- and 5-year EFS for patients with a rWIR ≥ 2.3 were 85% and 75% versus 55% and 50% for patients with a rWIR < 2.3. Conclusion: The predicted poor chemo response with MRI (rWIR < 2.3) is associated with shorter EFS even when adjusted for known clinical covariates and shows similar results to histological response evaluation. rWIR is a potential tool for future response-based individualized healthcare in osteosarcoma patients before surgical resection.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Research of Cancer)
Open AccessArticle
Therapeutic Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Limited Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Decade of Analysis at a Tertiary Cancer Center
by
David Alexander Ziegler, Cecilia Christiane Cleve, Sonia Ziegler, Markus Anton Schirmer, Laura Anna Fischer, Hanibal Bohnenberger, Tobias Raphael Overbeck, Friederike Braulke, Alexander von Hammerstein-Equord, Martin Leu, Manuel Guhlich, Leif Hendrik Dröge, Stefan Rieken, Achim Rittmeyer and Rami A. El Shafie
Cancers 2024, 16(11), 1953; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16111953 (registering DOI) - 21 May 2024
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the outcomes and factors influencing treatment efficacy in 93 patients with limited disease small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC), with a median age of 64 years. We focused on the impact of chemotherapy regimens, prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI), and
[...] Read more.
In this study, we investigated the outcomes and factors influencing treatment efficacy in 93 patients with limited disease small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC), with a median age of 64 years. We focused on the impact of chemotherapy regimens, prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI), and patient-related variables. The median follow-up for OS was 17.3 months. We observed a statistically significant difference in PFS between LD-SCLC patients treated with cisplatin and etoposide (EP) and those treated with carboplatin and etoposide (CP) (PFS: EP 13.63 months vs. CP 6.54 months, p < 0.01). Patients treated with EP had better overall survival (OS) than CP-treated patients (OS: EP 26.9 months vs. CP 16.16 months, p < 0.01). Concomitant chemotherapy was associated with improved PFS (p = 0.003) and OS (p = 0.002). Patients receiving PCI showed superior OS (p = 0.05) and a trend towards improved PFS (p = 0.057). Female gender was associated with better OS (p = 0.025). Most patients had an ECOG performance status of 0 (71%). This real-world study underscores the importance of multidisciplinary LD-SCLC management, emphasizing the roles of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and PCI. These findings inform personalized treatment strategies and emphasize the need for prospective trials to validate these results and optimize LD-SCLC treatment.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Imaging and Therapy in Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Internal Responsiveness of EQ-5D-5L and EORTC QLQ-C30 in Dutch Breast Cancer Patients during the First Year Post-Surgery: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
by
Noëlle J. M. C. Vrancken Peeters, Janine A. van Til, Anouk S. Huberts, Sabine Siesling, Olga Husson and Linetta B. Koppert
Cancers 2024, 16(11), 1952; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16111952 (registering DOI) - 21 May 2024
Abstract
The EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) are commonly used Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) for breast cancer. This study assesses and compares the internal responsiveness of the
[...] Read more.
The EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) are commonly used Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) for breast cancer. This study assesses and compares the internal responsiveness of the EQ-5D-5L and EORTC QLQ-C30 in Dutch breast cancer patients during the first year post-surgery. Women diagnosed with breast cancer who completed the EQ-5D-5L and EORTC QLQ-C30 pre-operatively (T0), 6 months (T6), and 12 months post-surgery (T12) were included. Mean differences of the EQ-5D-5L and EORTC QLQ-C30 between baseline and 6 months (delta 1) and between baseline and 12 months post-surgery (delta 2) were calculated and compared against the respective minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) of 0.08 and 5. Internal responsiveness was assessed using effect sizes (ES) and standardized response means (SRM) for both deltas. In total, 333 breast cancer patients were included. Delta 1 and delta 2 for the EQ-5D-5L index and most scales of the EORTC QLQ-C30 were below the MCID. The internal responsiveness for both PROMs was small (ES and SRM < 0.5), with greater internal responsiveness for delta 1 compared to delta 2. The EQ-5D-5L index showed greater internal responsiveness than the EORTC QLQ-C30 Global Quality of Life scale and summary score. These findings are valuable for the interpretation of both PROMs in Dutch breast cancer research and clinical care.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advancements in Health-Related Quality of Life Research in Cancer Survivorship)
Open AccessArticle
Combined Regional Approach of Talimogene laherparepvec and Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Melanoma
by
Andrew Tam, Colton Ladbury, Ari Kassardjian, Badri Modi, Heather McGee, Laleh Melstrom, Kim Margolin, Yan Xing and Arya Amini
Cancers 2024, 16(11), 1951; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16111951 (registering DOI) - 21 May 2024
Abstract
Talimogene laherparepvec (TVEC) is a genetically modified oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) that is used for the intralesional treatment of advanced or metastatic melanoma. Given that TVEC produces the granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), recent reports have suggested that radiation treatment (RT) given in
[...] Read more.
Talimogene laherparepvec (TVEC) is a genetically modified oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) that is used for the intralesional treatment of advanced or metastatic melanoma. Given that TVEC produces the granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), recent reports have suggested that radiation treatment (RT) given in conjunction with TVEC may provide synergistic immune activation at the site, and possibly systemically. However, studies on combining RT with TVEC remain limited. We conducted a retrospective review of melanoma patients from a single cancer center who received TVEC and RT in the same region of the body and compared them to patients who received TVEC with RT at another site (other than the site of TVEC injection). Between January 2015 and September 2022, we identified twenty patients who were treated with TVEC and RT; fourteen patients received TVEC and RT in the same region, and six had treatments in separate regions. Regions were determined at the time of analysis and were based on anatomic sites (such as arm, leg, torso, etc.). Kaplan–Meier analysis of progression-free survival (PFS), analyses of time to distant metastasis (DM), overall survival (OS), and locoregional control (LRC), and the corresponding log-rank test were performed. With a median follow-up of 10.5 months [mos] (range 1.0–58.7 mos), we found an improvement in PFS with TVEC and RT in the same region compared to different regions, which were 6.4 mos (95% CI, 2.4–NR mos) and 2.8 mos (95% CI, 0.7–4.4 mos), respectively; p = 0.005. There was also a significant improvement in DM when TVEC and RT were used in the same region compared to different regions: 13.8 mos (95% CI, 4.6–NR mos) and 2.8 mos (95% CI, 0.7–4.4 mos), respectively (p = 0.001). However, we found no difference in overall survival (OS) between patients who had TVEC and RT in the same region (19.0 mos, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1–not reached [NR] mos) and those who received treatments in different regions (18.5 mos, 95% CI, 1.0–NR mos); p = 0.366. There was no statistically significant improvement in locoregional control (LRC) in patients who had TVEC and RT in the same region was 26.0 mos (95% CI, 6.4–26.0 mos) compared to patients who received TVEC and RT in different regions (4.4 mos) (95% CI, 0.7–NR mos) (p = 0.115). No grade 3 or higher toxicities were documented in either group. Overall, there were improvements in PFS and DM when TVEC and RT were delivered to the same region of the body compared to when they were used in different regions. However, we did not find a significant difference in locoregional recurrence or OS. Future studies are needed to assess the sequence and timing of combining RT and TVEC to potentially enhance the immune response both locally and distantly.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy)
Open AccessReview
Immune Regulation and Immune Therapy in Melanoma: Review with Emphasis on CD155 Signalling
by
Li-Ying Wu, Su-Ho Park, Haakan Jakobsson, Mark Shackleton and Andreas Möller
Cancers 2024, 16(11), 1950; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16111950 - 21 May 2024
Abstract
Melanoma is commonly diagnosed in a younger population than most other solid malignancies and, in Australia and most of the world, is the leading cause of skin-cancer-related death. Melanoma is a cancer type with high immunogenicity; thus, immunotherapies are used as first-line treatment
[...] Read more.
Melanoma is commonly diagnosed in a younger population than most other solid malignancies and, in Australia and most of the world, is the leading cause of skin-cancer-related death. Melanoma is a cancer type with high immunogenicity; thus, immunotherapies are used as first-line treatment for advanced melanoma patients. Although immunotherapies are working well, not all the patients are benefitting from them. A lack of a comprehensive understanding of immune regulation in the melanoma tumour microenvironment is a major challenge of patient stratification. Overexpression of CD155 has been reported as a key factor in melanoma immune regulation for the development of therapy resistance. A more thorough understanding of the actions of current immunotherapy strategies, their effects on immune cell subsets, and the roles that CD155 plays are essential for a rational design of novel targets of anti-cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we comprehensively discuss current anti-melanoma immunotherapy strategies and the immune response contribution of different cell lineages, including tumour endothelial cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, cytotoxic T cells, cancer-associated fibroblast, and nature killer cells. Finally, we explore the impact of CD155 and its receptors DNAM-1, TIGIT, and CD96 on immune cells, especially in the context of the melanoma tumour microenvironment and anti-cancer immunotherapies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Breakthroughs in Tumor Immune Microenvironment: From Cellular Discovery to Cutting-Edge Technology)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Tripartite Motif-Containing 2, a Glutamine Metabolism-Associated Protein, Predicts Poor Patient Outcome in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated with Chemotherapy
by
Brendah K. Masisi, Rokaya El Ansari, Lutfi Alfarsi, Ali Fakroun, Busra Erkan, Asmaa Ibrahim, Michael Toss, Ian O. Ellis, Emad A. Rakha and Andrew R. Green
Cancers 2024, 16(11), 1949; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16111949 - 21 May 2024
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) remains heterogeneous in terms of prognosis and response to treatment. Metabolic reprogramming is a critical part of oncogenesis and a potential therapeutic target. Glutaminase (GLS), which generates glutamate from glutamine, plays a role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However,
[...] Read more.
Background: Breast cancer (BC) remains heterogeneous in terms of prognosis and response to treatment. Metabolic reprogramming is a critical part of oncogenesis and a potential therapeutic target. Glutaminase (GLS), which generates glutamate from glutamine, plays a role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, targeting GLS directly may be difficult, as it is essential for normal cell function. This study aimed to determine potential targets in BC associated with glutamine metabolism and evaluate their prognostic value in BC. Methods: The iNET model was used to identify genes in BC that are associated with GLS using RNA-sequencing data. The prognostic significance of tripartite motif-containing 2 (TRIM2) mRNA was assessed in BC transcriptomic data (n = 16,575), and TRIM2 protein expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (n = 749) in patients with early-stage invasive breast cancer with long-term follow-up. The associations between TRIM2 expression and clinicopathological features and patient outcomes were evaluated. Results: Pathway analysis identified TRIM2 expression as an important gene co-expressed with high GLS expression in BC. High TRIM2 mRNA and TRIM2 protein expression were associated with TNBC (p < 0.01). TRIM2 was a predictor of poor distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in TNBC (p < 0.01), and this was independent of established prognostic factors (p < 0.05), particularly in those who received chemotherapy (p < 0.05). In addition, TRIM2 was a predictor of shorter DMFS in TNBC treated with chemotherapy (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study provides evidence of an association between TRIM2 and poor patient outcomes in TNBC, especially those treated with chemotherapy. The molecular mechanisms and functional behaviour of TRIM2 and the functional link with GLS in BC warrant further exploration using in vitro models.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glutamine Metabolism in the Onset and Progression of Tumorigenesis)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Sézary Syndrome in West Sweden: Exploring Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Treatment Patterns in a Registry-Based Retrospective Analysis
by
Karolina Wojewoda, Martin Gillstedt, Catharina Lewerin and Amra Osmancevic
Cancers 2024, 16(11), 1948; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16111948 - 21 May 2024
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS) is a rare primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma variant. Despite various treatment options, it remains incurable, with a poor prognosis. There is an urgent need for additional descriptive research to enhance our understanding and treatment of SS. The aim of this
[...] Read more.
Sézary syndrome (SS) is a rare primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma variant. Despite various treatment options, it remains incurable, with a poor prognosis. There is an urgent need for additional descriptive research to enhance our understanding and treatment of SS. The aim of this retrospective register-based study was to outline patients’ demographic characteristics; investigate the clinical, histopathological, and molecular findings; and assess treatment effectiveness with a focus on time to next treatment (TTNT) and disease progression. Data on 17 patients with SS were obtained from the primary cutaneous lymphoma register in West Sweden between 2012 and 2024. The results revealed that not all patients exhibited the classical triad of symptoms at diagnosis, emphasizing the need for personalized diagnostic approaches. The median survival was only 2.1 years, which reflects the aggressive nature of SS. The longest median TTNT was observed in triple therapy involving retinoids, interferon alpha, and extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP). There was no significant difference in TTNT between various lines of treatment. Early initiation of ECP treatment did not result in improved outcomes. This study highlights the importance of combination therapy for improved outcomes and underscores the need for future studies to identify optimal treatment approaches.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hematologic Malignancies: Challenges from Diagnosis to Treatment)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Impact of Relative Biologic Effectiveness for Proton Therapy for Head and Neck and Skull-Base Tumors: A Technical and Clinical Review
by
Adam L. Holtzman, Homan Mohammadi, Keith M. Furutani, Daniel M. Koffler, Lisa A. McGee, Scott C. Lester, Mauricio E. Gamez, David M. Routman, Chris J. Beltran and Xiaoying Liang
Cancers 2024, 16(11), 1947; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16111947 - 21 May 2024
Abstract
Proton therapy has emerged as a crucial tool in the treatment of head and neck and skull-base cancers, offering advantages over photon therapy in terms of decreasing integral dose and reducing acute and late toxicities, such as dysgeusia, feeding tube dependence, xerostomia, secondary
[...] Read more.
Proton therapy has emerged as a crucial tool in the treatment of head and neck and skull-base cancers, offering advantages over photon therapy in terms of decreasing integral dose and reducing acute and late toxicities, such as dysgeusia, feeding tube dependence, xerostomia, secondary malignancies, and neurocognitive dysfunction. Despite its benefits in dose distribution and biological effectiveness, the application of proton therapy is challenged by uncertainties in its relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Overcoming the challenges related to RBE is key to fully realizing proton therapy’s potential, which extends beyond its physical dosimetric properties when compared with photon-based therapies. In this paper, we discuss the clinical significance of RBE within treatment volumes and adjacent serial organs at risk in the management of head and neck and skull-base tumors. We review proton RBE uncertainties and its modeling and explore clinical outcomes. Additionally, we highlight technological advancements and innovations in plan optimization and treatment delivery, including linear energy transfer/RBE optimizations and the development of spot-scanning proton arc therapy. These advancements show promise in harnessing the full capabilities of proton therapy from an academic standpoint, further technological innovations and clinical outcome studies, however, are needed for their integration into routine clinical practice.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Approaches in Radiotherapy for Cancer)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Cholangiocarcinoma: The Current Status of Surgical Options including Liver Transplantation
by
Abdullah Esmail, Mohamed Badheeb, Batool Alnahar, Bushray Almiqlash, Yara Sakr, Bayan Khasawneh, Ebtesam Al-Najjar, Hadeel Al-Rawi, Ala Abudayyeh, Yaser Rayyan and Maen Abdelrahim
Cancers 2024, 16(11), 1946; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16111946 - 21 May 2024
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) poses a substantial threat as it ranks as the second most prevalent primary liver tumor. The documented annual rise in intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) incidence in the United States is concerning, indicating its growing impact. Moreover, the five-year survival rate after tumor
[...] Read more.
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) poses a substantial threat as it ranks as the second most prevalent primary liver tumor. The documented annual rise in intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) incidence in the United States is concerning, indicating its growing impact. Moreover, the five-year survival rate after tumor resection is only 25%, given that tumor recurrence is the leading cause of death in 53–79% of patients. Pre-operative assessments for iCCA focus on pinpointing tumor location, biliary tract involvement, vascular encasements, and metastasis detection. Numerous studies have revealed that portal vein embolization (PVE) is linked to enhanced survival rates, improved liver synthetic functions, and decreased overall mortality. The challenge in achieving clear resection margins contributes to the notable recurrence rate of iCCA, affecting approximately two-thirds of cases within one year, and results in a median survival of less than 12 months for recurrent cases. Nearly 50% of patients initially considered eligible for surgical resection in iCCA cases are ultimately deemed ineligible during surgical exploration. Therefore, staging laparoscopy has been proposed to reduce unnecessary laparotomy. Eligibility for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) requires certain criteria to be granted. OLT offers survival advantages for early-detected unresectable iCCA; it can be combined with other treatments, such as radiofrequency ablation and transarterial chemoembolization, in specific cases. We aim to comprehensively describe the surgical strategies available for treating CCA, including the preoperative measures and interventions, alongside the current options regarding liver resection and OLT.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper in Section “Cancer Therapy” in 2024)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Immunohistochemical Investigation into Protein Expression Patterns of FOXO4, IRF8 and LEF1 in Canine Osteosarcoma
by
Simone de Brot, Jack Cobb, Aziza A. Alibhai, Jorja Jackson-Oxley, Maria Haque, Rodhan Patke, Anna E. Harris, Corinne L. Woodcock, Jennifer Lothion-Roy, Dhruvika Varun, Rachel Thompson, Claudia Gomes, Valentina Kubale, Mark D. Dunning, Jennie N. Jeyapalan, Nigel P. Mongan and Catrin S. Rutland
Cancers 2024, 16(10), 1945; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101945 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common type of primary bone malignancy in people and dogs. Our previous molecular comparisons of canine OSA against healthy bone resulted in the identification of differentially expressed protein-expressing genes (forkhead box protein O4 (FOXO4), interferon regulatory
[...] Read more.
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common type of primary bone malignancy in people and dogs. Our previous molecular comparisons of canine OSA against healthy bone resulted in the identification of differentially expressed protein-expressing genes (forkhead box protein O4 (FOXO4), interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), and lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1)). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and H-scoring provided semi-quantitative assessment of nuclear and cytoplasmic staining alongside qualitative data to contextualise staining (n = 26 patients). FOXO4 was expressed predominantly in the cytoplasm with significantly lower nuclear H-scores. IRF8 H-scores ranged from 0 to 3 throughout the cohort in the nucleus and cytoplasm. LEF1 was expressed in all patients with significantly lower cytoplasmic staining compared to nuclear. No sex or anatomical location differences were observed. While reduced levels of FOXO4 might indicate malignancy, the weak or absent protein expression limits its primary use as diagnostic tumour marker. IRF8 and LEF1 have more potential for prognostic and diagnostic uses and facilitate further understanding of their roles within their respective molecular pathways, including Wnt/beta-catenin/LEF1 signalling and differential regulation of tumour suppressor genes. Deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in OSA are essential contributions towards the development of novel diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment options in human and veterinary medicine contexts.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma)
Open AccessReview
Antisense Oligonucleotides for Rapid Translation of Gene Therapy in Glioblastoma
by
Jelisah F. Desgraves, Mynor J. Mendez Valdez, Jay Chandar, Muhammet Enes Gurses, Lisa Henderson, Jesus R. Castro, Deepa Seetheram, Michael E. Ivan, Ricardo J. Komotar and Ashish H. Shah
Cancers 2024, 16(10), 1944; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101944 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
Purpose: The limited efficacy of current treatments for malignant brain tumors necessitates novel therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to assess the potential of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) as adjuvant therapy for high-grade gliomas, focusing on their CNS penetration and clinical translation prospects. Methods: A
[...] Read more.
Purpose: The limited efficacy of current treatments for malignant brain tumors necessitates novel therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to assess the potential of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) as adjuvant therapy for high-grade gliomas, focusing on their CNS penetration and clinical translation prospects. Methods: A comprehensive review of the existing literature was conducted to evaluate the implications of ASOs in neuro-oncology. Studies that investigated ASO therapy’s efficacy, CNS penetration, and safety profile were analyzed to assess its potential as a therapeutic intervention for high-grade gliomas. Results: ASOs present a promising avenue for enhancing targeted gene therapies in malignant gliomas. Their potent CNS penetration, in vivo durability, and efficient transduction offer advantages over conventional treatments. Preliminary in vivo and in vitro studies suggest ASOs as a viable adjuvant therapy for high-grade gliomas, warranting further exploration in clinical trials. Conclusions: ASOs hold significant promise as adjuvant therapy for high-grade gliomas, offering improved CNS penetration and durability compared with existing treatments. While preliminary studies are encouraging, additional research is needed to establish the safety and efficacy of ASO therapy in clinical settings. Further investigation and clinical trials are warranted to validate ASOs as a transformative approach in neuro-oncology.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glioblastoma: Advances in Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Strategies)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Precision Oncology: Circulating Microvesicles as New Biomarkers in a Very Early Stage of Colorectal Cancer
by
Anastasios G. Kriebardis, Leonidas Chardalias, Christos Damaskos, Abraham Pouliakis, Nikolaos Garmpis, Sotirios P. Fortis, Aspasia Papailia, Christiana Sideri, Hara T. Georgatzakou, Effie G. Papageorgiou, Theodoros Pittaras, Gerasimos Tsourouflis, Marianna Politou, Ioannis Papaconstantinou, Dimitrios Dimitroulis and Serena Valsami
Cancers 2024, 16(10), 1943; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101943 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
Background: The release of microvesicles (MVs) is an essential phenomenon for inter-cellular signaling in health and disease. The role of MVs in cancer is multidimensional and includes cancer cell survival, proliferation, and invasion. In this prospective study, we analyzed MV levels in colorectal
[...] Read more.
Background: The release of microvesicles (MVs) is an essential phenomenon for inter-cellular signaling in health and disease. The role of MVs in cancer is multidimensional and includes cancer cell survival, proliferation, and invasion. In this prospective study, we analyzed MV levels in colorectal cancer patients and assessed the importance of MV release in early-stage colorectal cancer and survival. Methods: This study included 98 patients and 15 controls. The characterization of MVs from human plasma was performed by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. Results: The levels of total MVs and MUC-1-positive, tissue factor (TF)-positive, and endothelial cell-derived MVs (EMVs) were statistically significantly higher in the colon cancer patients than in the controls (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the subgroup of patients with very early-stage colorectal cancer also had statistically significant differences in the levels of the abovementioned MVs compared to the controls (p < 0.01). Highly differentiated tumors had lower levels of MUC-1-positive MVs (p < 0.02), EMVs (p < 0.002), and EMV/TF combinations (p < 0.001) versus those with tumors with low/intermediate differentiation. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that the analysis of circulating MV levels in plasma could possibly become a tool for the early diagnosis of colon cancer at a very early stage of the disease.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Predictive Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessSystematic Review
Clinical Biomarkers of Tumour Radiosensitivity and Predicting Benefit from Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review
by
Christopher W. Bleaney, Hebatalla Abdelaal, Mark Reardon, Carmel Anandadas, Peter Hoskin, Ananya Choudhury and Laura Forker
Cancers 2024, 16(10), 1942; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101942 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
Modern advanced radiotherapy techniques have improved the precision and accuracy of radiotherapy delivery, with resulting plans being highly personalised based on individual anatomy. Adaptation for individual tumour biology remains elusive. There is an unmet need for biomarkers of intrinsic radiosensitivity that can predict
[...] Read more.
Modern advanced radiotherapy techniques have improved the precision and accuracy of radiotherapy delivery, with resulting plans being highly personalised based on individual anatomy. Adaptation for individual tumour biology remains elusive. There is an unmet need for biomarkers of intrinsic radiosensitivity that can predict tumour response to radiation to facilitate individualised decision-making, dosing and treatment planning. Over the last few decades, the use of high throughput molecular biology technologies has led to an explosion of newly discovered cancer biomarkers. Gene expression signatures are now used routinely in clinic to aid decision-making regarding adjuvant systemic therapy. They have great potential as radiotherapy biomarkers. A previous systematic review published in 2015 reported only five studies of signatures evaluated for their ability to predict radiotherapy benefits in clinical cohorts. This updated systematic review encompasses the expanded number of studies reported in the last decade. An additional 27 studies were identified. In total, 22 distinct signatures were recognised (5 pre-2015, 17 post-2015). Seventeen signatures were ‘radiosensitivity’ signatures and five were breast cancer prognostic signatures aiming to identify patients at an increased risk of local recurrence and therefore were more likely to benefit from adjuvant radiation. Most signatures (15/22) had not progressed beyond the discovery phase of development, with no suitable validated clinical-grade assay for application. Very few signatures (4/17 ‘radiosensitivity’ signatures) had undergone any laboratory-based biological validation of their ability to predict tumour radiosensitivity. No signatures have been assessed prospectively in a phase III biomarker-led trial to date and none are recommended for routine use in clinical guidelines. A phase III prospective evaluation is ongoing for two breast cancer prognostic signatures. The most promising radiosensitivity signature remains the radiosensitivity index (RSI), which is used to calculate a genomic adjusted radiation dose (GARD). There is an ongoing phase II prospective biomarker-led study of RSI/GARD in triple negative breast cancer. The results of these trials are eagerly anticipated over the coming years. Future work in this area should focus on (1) robust biological validation; (2) building biobanks alongside large radiotherapy randomised controlled trials with dose variance (to demonstrate an interaction between radiosensitivity signature and dose); (3) a validation of clinical-grade cost-effective assays that are deliverable within current healthcare infrastructure; and (4) an integration with biomarkers of other determinants of radiation response.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Radiotherapy for Improved Clinical Benefit)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessPerspective
Epigenetics Meets CAR-T-Cell Therapy to Fight Cancer
by
Simeon Santourlidis, Marcos J. Araúzo-Bravo, Lars Erichsen and Marcelo L. Bendhack
Cancers 2024, 16(10), 1941; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101941 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
Based on the impressive success of Car-T-cell therapy in the treatment of hematological malignancies, a broad application for solid tumors also appears promising. However, some important hurdles need to be overcome. One of these is certainly the identification of specific target antigens on
[...] Read more.
Based on the impressive success of Car-T-cell therapy in the treatment of hematological malignancies, a broad application for solid tumors also appears promising. However, some important hurdles need to be overcome. One of these is certainly the identification of specific target antigens on cancer cells. Hypomethylation is a characteristic epigenetic aberration in many tumor entities. Genome-wide screenings for consistent DNA hypomethylations in tumors enable the identification of aberrantly upregulated transcripts, which might result in cell surface proteins. Thus, this approach provides a new perspective for the discovery of potential new Car-T-cell target antigens for almost every tumor entity. First, we focus on this approach as a possible treatment for prostate cancer.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Therapy)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Keratin-Positive Giant Cell-Rich Tumor: A Review and Update
by
Jun Nishio, Shizuhide Nakayama, Kaori Koga and Mikiko Aoki
Cancers 2024, 16(10), 1940; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101940 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
Keratin-positive giant cell-rich tumor (KPGCT) is an extremely rare and recently described mesenchymal neoplasm that occurs in both soft tissue and bone, frequently found in young women. It has locally recurrent potential if incompletely excised but low risk for metastasis. KPGCT is histologically
[...] Read more.
Keratin-positive giant cell-rich tumor (KPGCT) is an extremely rare and recently described mesenchymal neoplasm that occurs in both soft tissue and bone, frequently found in young women. It has locally recurrent potential if incompletely excised but low risk for metastasis. KPGCT is histologically similar to conventional giant cell tumors of soft tissue but shows the presence of keratin-positive mononuclear cells. Interestingly, KPGCT also shares some morphological features with xanthogranulomatous epithelial tumors. These two tumors have recently been shown to harbor an HMGA2–NCOR2 fusion, arguing in favor of a single entity. Surgery is the treatment of choice for localized KPGCT. Therapeutic options for advanced or metastatic disease are unknown. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, histopathology, and treatment of KPGCT. In addition, we will discuss the differential diagnosis of this emerging entity.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Giant-Cell-Containing Tumors of Bone—New Insights into Pathobiology, the Clinical Setting and Targeted Therapies)
Open AccessArticle
Ex Vivo Vascular Imaging and Perfusion Studies of Normal Kidney and Tumor Vasculature
by
Ragnar Hultborn, Lilian Weiss, Egil Tveit, Stefan Lange, Eva Jennische, Malin C. Erlandsson and Martin E. Johansson
Cancers 2024, 16(10), 1939; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101939 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
This work describes a comprehensive study of the vascular tree and perfusion characteristics of normal kidney and renal cell carcinoma. Methods: Nephrectomy specimens were perfused ex-vivo, and the regional blood flow was determined by infusion of radioactive microspheres. The vascular architecture was characterized
[...] Read more.
This work describes a comprehensive study of the vascular tree and perfusion characteristics of normal kidney and renal cell carcinoma. Methods: Nephrectomy specimens were perfused ex-vivo, and the regional blood flow was determined by infusion of radioactive microspheres. The vascular architecture was characterized by micronized barium sulphate infusion. Kidneys were subsequently sagitally sectioned, and autoradiograms were obtained to show the perfusate flow in relation to adjacent contact X-ray angiograms. Vascular resistance in defined tissue compartments was quantified, and finally, the tumor vasculature was 3D reconstructed via the micro-CT technique. Results show that the vascular tree of the kidney could be distinctly defined, and autoradiograms disclosed a high cortical flow. The peripheral resistance unit of the whole perfused specimen was 0.78 ± 0.40 (n = 26), while that of the renal cortex was 0.17 ± 0.07 (n = 15 with 114 samples). Micro-CT images from both cortex and medulla defined the vascular architecture. Angiograms from the renal tumors demonstrated a significant vascular heterogeneity within and between different tumors. A dense and irregular capillary network characterized peripheral tumor areas, whereas central parts of the tumors were less vascularized. Despite the dense capillarity, low perfusion through vessels with a diameter below 15 µm was seen on the autoradiograms. We conclude that micronized barium sulphate infusion may be used to demonstrate the vascular architecture in a complex organ. The vascular resistance was low, with little variation in the cortex of the normal kidney. Tumor tissue showed a considerable vascular structural heterogeneity with low perfusion through the peripheral nutritive capillaries and very poor perfusion of the central tumor, indicating intratumoral pressure exceeding the perfusion pressure. The merits and shortcomings of the various techniques used are discussed.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma 2024–2025)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Significance of Prediction Models for Post-Hepatectomy Liver Failure Based on Type IV Collagen 7s Domain in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
by
Takuma Okada, Hiroji Shinkawa, Satsuki Taniuchi, Masahiko Kinoshita, Kohei Nishio, Go Ohira, Kenjiro Kimura, Shogo Tanaka, Ayumi Shintani, Shoji Kubo and Takeaki Ishizawa
Cancers 2024, 16(10), 1938; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101938 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have attempted to establish predictive models for post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing liver resection. However, a versatile and useful predictive model for PHLF remains to be developed. Therefore, we aimed to develop predictive models
[...] Read more.
Background: Previous studies have attempted to establish predictive models for post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing liver resection. However, a versatile and useful predictive model for PHLF remains to be developed. Therefore, we aimed to develop predictive models for PHLF based on type IV collagen 7s domain (7s collagen) in patients with HCC. Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 972 patients with HCC who had undergone initial curative liver resection between February 2000 and December 2020 at our hospital. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using a restricted cubic spline was performed to evaluate the effect of 7s collagen on the incidence of PHLF. A nomogram was developed based on 7s collagen. Results: PHLF grades B or C were identified in 104 patients (11%): 98 (10%) and 6 (1%) PHLF grades B and C, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the preoperative serum level of 7s collagen was significantly associated with a proportional increase in the risk of PHLF, which was confirmed in both laparoscopic and open liver resections. A nomogram was developed based on 7s collagen, with a concordance index of 0.768. The inclusion of 7s collagen values in the predictive model increased the predictive accuracy. Conclusion: The findings highlight the efficacy of the serum level of 7s collagen as a predictive factor for PHLF. Our novel nomogram using 7s collagen may be useful for predicting the risk of PHLF.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Targeted Therapies in the Treatment of Mantle Cell Lymphoma
by
Colin J. Thomas, Veronica Carvajal and Stefan K. Barta
Cancers 2024, 16(10), 1937; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101937 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, heterogeneous B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The standard front-line treatment utilizes chemotherapy, often followed by consolidation with an autologous hematopoietic cell transplant; however, in most patients, the lymphoma will recur and require subsequent treatments. Additionally, mantle cell lymphoma
[...] Read more.
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, heterogeneous B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The standard front-line treatment utilizes chemotherapy, often followed by consolidation with an autologous hematopoietic cell transplant; however, in most patients, the lymphoma will recur and require subsequent treatments. Additionally, mantle cell lymphoma primarily affects older patients and is frequently chemotherapy-resistant, which has further fostered the necessity for new, chemotherapy-free treatment options. In the past decade, targeted therapies in mantle cell lymphoma have been practice-changing as the treatment paradigm shifts further away from relying primarily on cytotoxic agents. Here, we will review the pathophysiology of mantle cell lymphoma and discuss the emergence of targeted, chemotherapy-free treatments aimed at disrupting the abnormal biology driving its lymphomagenesis. Treatments targeting the constitutive activation of NF-kB, Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase signaling, and anti-apoptosis will be the primary focus as we discuss their clinical data and toxicities. Our review will also focus primarily on the emergence and use of targeted therapies in the relapsed/refractory setting but will also discuss the emergence of their use in front-line therapy and in combination with other agents.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mantle Cell Lymphoma: From Biology to Therapy)
Open AccessArticle
Use of Bladder-Related Medication in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients
by
Linea Blichert-Refsgaard, Charlotte Graugaard-Jensen, Mette Nørgaard and Jørgen Bjerggaard Jensen
Cancers 2024, 16(10), 1936; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101936 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
Repeated transurethral bladder resections (TURBs) and instillation treatments in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) might influence bladder function and, therefore, quality of life. Bladder-related medication is a surrogate marker of compromised bladder function. The objective was to investigate whether TURBs and adjuvant instillation
[...] Read more.
Repeated transurethral bladder resections (TURBs) and instillation treatments in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) might influence bladder function and, therefore, quality of life. Bladder-related medication is a surrogate marker of compromised bladder function. The objective was to investigate whether TURBs and adjuvant instillation therapy are associated with the use of anticholinergics, β3-agonists, and cystitis-relevant antibiotics. We divided all Danish patients diagnosed with primary NMIBC during 2002–2017 registered in the Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR) based on TURB-load within the first five years from diagnosis (1 TURB, 2–4 TURBs, ≥5 TURBs). Instillation therapy with either mitomycin C (MMC) or bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG) was independent exposure (yes or no). We included 17,774 patients; 76% men, median age: 70 years (IQR: 63, 77). Patients exposed to ≥5 TURBs had a higher risk of using bladder-relaxing medication than patients exposed to 1 TURB, HR = 4.01 [3.33; 4.83], and higher risk of cystitis, HR = 2.27 [2.05; 2.51]. BCG-exposed patients had a higher risk of bladder-relaxing medication use compared to non-exposed, HR = 1.92 [1.69; 2.18], and a higher risk of cystitis, HR = 1.39 [1.31; 1.48]. Repeated TURBs have the highest impact on bladder function. Adjuvant instillation therapy is also associated with the use of bladder-related medication.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Time for a Paradigm Shift in Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (Volume II))
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Clinical Correlations between Serological Markers and Endometrial Cancer
by
Alina-Gabriela Marin, Alexandru George Filipescu, Răzvan Cosmin Petca, Radu Vlădăreanu and Aida Petca
Cancers 2024, 16(10), 1935; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101935 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
Background: Endometrial cancer is associated with changes in blood cell counts and with high levels of inflammatory markers, thus reflecting the tumor’s impact on various biological processes and suggesting their potential as biomarkers for endometrial cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte
[...] Read more.
Background: Endometrial cancer is associated with changes in blood cell counts and with high levels of inflammatory markers, thus reflecting the tumor’s impact on various biological processes and suggesting their potential as biomarkers for endometrial cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood sampled preoperatively from patients have been reported to be independently associated with the prognosis of different types of malignancies. Objectives: This study aimed to compare several blood markers—red blood cells, white blood cells, platelet parameters, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen—in patients with benign or malignant endometrial tumors. Material and methods: Our retrospective study included 670 patients (192 diagnosed with endometrial cancer and 478 with endometrial hyperplasia), and we compared the serological parameters discussed above with those sampled the day before surgery. Results: Analysis of complete blood count indices revealed no significant differences in red blood cell or total white blood cell parameters between the endometrial cancer group and the endometrial hyperplasia group. However, a distinct pattern emerged in the white blood cell differential. The endometrial cancer group showed a statistically significant decrease in lymphocyte count compared with the endometrial hyperplasia group. In contrast, the endometrial cancer group showed significantly higher mean platelet counts and increased mean platelet volume compared with controls. Furthermore, the endometrial cancer group demonstrated a marked inflammatory response, as evidenced by significantly elevated levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio compared with the endometrial hyperplasia group. Conclusions: The current research revealed statistically significant differences in multiple serological biomarkers between the two groups. These findings support the initial hypothesis regarding the potential utility of these biomarkers in endometrial cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response, highlighting the existence of biomarkers affordable for analysis under any health system, regardless of the country’s level of development.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle Choices and Endocrine Dysfunction on Cancer Onset and Risk)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Journal Menu
► ▼ Journal Menu-
- Cancers Home
- Aims & Scope
- Editorial Board
- Reviewer Board
- Topical Advisory Panel
- Instructions for Authors
- Special Issues
- Topics
- Sections & Collections
- Article Processing Charge
- Indexing & Archiving
- Editor’s Choice Articles
- Most Cited & Viewed
- Journal Statistics
- Journal History
- Journal Awards
- Society Collaborations
- Conferences
- Editorial Office
Journal Browser
► ▼ Journal BrowserHighly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Topic in
Biomedicines, Cancers, JFB, Nanomaterials, Polymers
Advanced Functional Materials for Regenerative Medicine
Topic Editors: Antonino Morabito, Luca ValentiniDeadline: 6 June 2024
Topic in
Biology, Cancers, Current Oncology, Diseases, JCM, Pathogens
Pathogenetic, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives in Head and Neck Cancer
Topic Editors: Shun-Fa Yang, Ming-Hsien ChienDeadline: 20 June 2024
Topic in
Cancers, Cells, JCM, Radiation, Pharmaceutics, Applied Sciences, Nanomaterials, Current Oncology
Innovative Radiation Therapies
Topic Editors: Gérard Baldacchino, Eric Deutsch, Marie Dutreix, Sandrine Lacombe, Erika Porcel, Charlotte Robert, Emmanuelle Bourneuf, João Santos Sousa, Aurélien de la LandeDeadline: 30 June 2024
Topic in
Cancers, IJERPH, JCM
Bridging Oral Medicine and Systemic Disease
Topic Editors: Pia Lopez-Jornet, Ivan Alajbeg, Rui Amaral Mendes, Eduardo Pons-FusterDeadline: 7 July 2024
Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Cancers
Diagnosis of Hematologic Malignancies
Guest Editors: Leonor Arenillas, Xavier CalvoDeadline: 25 May 2024
Special Issue in
Cancers
Innovations in Soft Tissue Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Guest Editors: Erlinda M. Gordon, Sant P. Chawla, Frederick L. HallDeadline: 30 May 2024
Special Issue in
Cancers
Perioperative Care and Pain Management in Cancer Patients: From Basic Science to Clinical Practice
Guest Editors: Dario Bugada, Juan P. CataDeadline: 20 June 2024
Special Issue in
Cancers
Correlating Patient-Reported Quality of Life before, during, and after Therapy with Objective Measures and Outcomes
Guest Editors: Anurag K. Singh, Evan Michael GraboyesDeadline: 5 July 2024
Topical Collections
Topical Collection in
Cancers
Drug Resistance and Novel Therapies in Cancers
Collection Editor: Zhixiang Wang