Am J Transplant:极低体重新生儿供肾双肾整块移植新术式

2018-03-22 余少杰 湘雅二院

近日,中南大学湘雅二医院泌外器官移植科主任彭龙开教授带领的团队在《美国器官移植杂志》(简称AJT)发表名为《利用主动脉远端建立流出道的极低体重新生儿供肾双肾整块移植新术式》(A novel technique for en bloc kidney transplantation from infant donors with extremely low body weight by using t

近日,中南大学湘雅二医院泌外器官移植科主任彭龙开教授带领的团队在《美国器官移植杂志》(简称AJT)发表名为《利用主动脉远端建立流出道的极低体重新生儿供肾双肾整块移植新术式》(A novel technique for en bloc kidney transplantation from infant donors with extremely low body weight by using the distal abdominal aorta as an outflow tract)的原创性临床文章,将对新生儿供肾的利用推进到一个全新的水平。

器官短缺一直是制约移植事业发展的瓶颈,对儿童器官加以充分利用,能在很大程度上解决这一难题。但到目前为止,儿童器官的利用率一直远低于成人,这与儿童器官体积小、手术难度大、术后管理困难、各种并发症发生率高等因素有关。而其中最困扰临床医生的当属移植物栓塞和移植术后的高灌注损伤。移植物栓塞直接导致手术失败,影响移植物的近期存活;长期的高灌注损伤导致移植肾系膜细胞增生、肾小球硬化,患者出现持续性、大量蛋白尿,影响移植肾的远期存活。



湘雅二医院泌外器官移植团队在早期实践中完成超过200例儿童供肾移植。通过理论研究和技术革新,很好地解决了供体年龄>5月,体重>5公斤,肾脏长径>5cm的儿童供肾移植难题,将血栓的发生率降至1%以内。并提出三“5”原则:供体年龄>5月,体重>5公斤,肾脏长径>5cm。

对于年龄低于5月龄、体重低于5公斤的极低龄、极低体重新生儿供肾移植,因血管过于细小(仅牙签粗细),容易扭曲、弯折,且因血液流动缓慢、而成人受体的凝血功能又强于儿童,因此极易形成血栓。这类移植一直是世界性难题,在国内外仅见零星报道,且在预防性使用抗凝药物的情况下,移植肾栓塞率仍高达60-80%。

在没有任何成熟经验可供借鉴的情况下,全科向这一高难度“无人区”发起挑战。历经数次失败后,彭龙开主任和余少杰主治医师等团队成员,创造性地提出“利用主动脉远端建立流出道的双肾整块移植”新术式,利用一侧的髂总/髂外动脉与受体的髂外动脉/腹壁下动脉吻合,建立流出道,使得不能进入肾动脉的血液通过流出道快速被分流,避免血液瘀滞,降低血栓发生风险;同时还提出保护血管鞘、根据肾血管走行特点将左、右肾位置对调、以及器官获取时使用不带球囊的导管进行灌注等一系列新理念、新做法。

利用新术式,先后共完成12例体重3.5公斤左右的极低龄、极低体重新生儿供肾移植,在未预防性使用抗凝药物的情况下,无一例发生栓塞,创造了外科奇迹。

经过长期随访,团队成员发现利用受体的腹壁下动脉远端建立流出道的受体几乎没有高灌注损伤(尿蛋白全部为阴性),由此提出:有效的流出道能自动调节肾脏内的流量和压力、减轻高灌注损伤。泌外器官移植团队通过技术革新,完美地解决了新生儿供肾移植的近期和远期存活难题,拓展了器官来源,为更多的尿毒症病人带来了希望;同时把我国在这一领域直接推进到了世界最前沿的水平。

AJT是国际器官移植领域最顶级的杂志,有器官移植“领头羊”的称号,我国每年在AJT上发表的文章屈指可数,原创性临床文章更是凤毛麟角。文章的发表,不但促进了移植科学的进步,还有力地展现了我国移植医学的国际形象。

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    2019-01-03 bsmagic9140
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    2018-12-18 xuyu
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    2018-03-23 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    认真学习了.谢谢

    0

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    2018-03-22 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.学习分享

    0

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    2018-03-22 神功盖世

    0

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