Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol:成人糖尿病或可分5个类型

2018-03-05 佚名 中国循环杂志

从传统上讲,糖尿病分1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病。1型糖尿病主要是免疫系统疾病,2型糖尿病主要与生活方式有关。


从传统上讲,糖尿病分1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病。1型糖尿病主要是免疫系统疾病,2型糖尿病主要与生活方式有关。
 
近日,瑞典和芬兰的学者在柳叶刀·糖尿病与分泌学子刊上发表研究称,糖尿病远比人们所了解的要复杂。据本研究结果,成人糖尿病可以分成5种不同的类型:
 
I型:严重自身免疫性糖尿病。基本上与传统意义上的1型糖尿病一致。主要影响年轻人,这种免疫性疾病导致胰腺无法产生胰岛素。
 
II型:严重胰岛素缺陷性糖尿病。与第1型类似。也主要影响年轻人。患者体重正常,免疫系统也没有缺陷,但胰腺分泌胰岛素存在障碍。
 
III型:严重胰岛素抵抗性糖尿病。这类患者通常非常肥胖。虽然胰腺能正常分泌胰岛素,但胰岛素促进葡萄糖摄取和利用的效率下降。
 
IV型:中度肥胖导致的糖尿病。患者体重超重,但新陈代谢能力比第3种糖尿病更接近正常人。

V型:与年龄有关的糖尿病。患者年龄要比其他类型糖尿病患者的年长得多。此外,他们糖尿病的症状也较轻。
 
通过分析了147 75患者的血标本,研究者称该分型为糖尿病的精准治疗又往前迈了一大步。比如针对前三种严重的糖尿病与后两种轻微糖尿病应该采取不同的治疗。

II型糖尿病目前被划分在2型糖尿病中,因为患者并没有自身免疫性疾病。这类型的糖尿病有可能是由胰腺β细胞功能缺陷引起的,并非肥胖。对这类糖尿病的治疗应该更接近1型糖尿病的治疗方法。

第II种糖尿病患者失明的风险更高,而第III种糖尿病患者肾衰竭的风险最高。

相关专家也有不同意见,认为该项研究是基于斯堪的纳维亚半岛居民的研究结果,而从全球来看,糖尿病的差异可能非常大。从世界范围来看,糖尿病很可能再分为500个类型,这取决于基因和环境因素。
 
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    2019-01-22 howi
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