10万年后人类会变啥样?生物学家:蓝眼睛小嘴巴

2016-09-17 佚名 环球网

据福布斯杂志报道,10万年后人类看起来会变成什么样?这个问题最先出现在知识共享网站Quora上,生物与进化生物学家马坦·什洛米(Matan Shelomi)日前给出了自己的答案。地球上的所有生命都处于不断进化状态,这个过程永远不会停止。作为万物之灵,人类也依然在进化之中。自从人类成为智人以来,在进化方式上有什么变化吗?当然有。数以千计的基因已经在过去4万年间发生进化。我们正看到的改变包括更小的大脑

据福布斯杂志报道,10万年后人类看起来会变成什么样?这个问题最先出现在知识共享网站Quora上,生物与进化生物学家马坦·什洛米(Matan Shelomi)日前给出了自己的答案。


地球上的所有生命都处于不断进化状态,这个过程永远不会停止。作为万物之灵,人类也依然在进化之中。自从人类成为智人以来,在进化方式上有什么变化吗?当然有。

数以千计的基因已经在过去4万年间发生进化。我们正看到的改变包括更小的大脑(更高效)、疾病抗性更高、多动症增加、更多蓝眼睛的人 。遗传分析显示,首位蓝眼睛的人大约于6000年到1万年前出现在黑海地区。无论出于何种原因,这种表性特征非常受欢迎 (可以获得5%的更多繁殖机会),今天蓝眼睛的人已经达到5亿。

另一个著名的例子是HgbS(镰状血红蛋白),这种基因让人类对疟疾免疫。疟疾是人类头号杀手,为此这种基因突变非常重要,让人类红血细胞对疟疾寄生虫产生抗性,而在疟疾高发人群中基因突变的频率更高。不幸的是,同样的基因也会引发镰状形细胞性贫血。

我们所有人体内都有两份基因,一份来自母亲,另一份来自父亲。如果一份基因拥有抗疟疾突变基因HgbS,你会没什么问题。如果两份都有这类基因,你就会患上镰状形细胞性贫血。好消息是,许多其他基因也对疟疾拥有抗性,我们还看到麻风和结核抗体基因出现。

还有一个例子是乳糖耐受性基因。原始人只在儿时吃奶,此后再也不会,为此他们体内的乳糖酶会随着年龄增长而下降。可是随着时间推移,某些人成人后进化出产生乳糖酶的基因。正如你们所料,乳糖耐受性特征大多出现在首先诞生奶牛养殖、此后变成重要奶制品产地的地区。

我们的嘴也正在改变,它们变得越来越小,越来越像子弹型 。但我们的牙齿并未发生太快改变,这也是为何畸形牙和智齿现在依然需要拔掉的原因。越来越多的人出生时没有智齿,或就算真有也会拔掉。在刀具和烹饪出现前,智齿非常有用,当是人类在咀嚼坚硬食物时很可能失去磨牙,需要智齿替代。如今,35%的人缺少智齿,但有关这方面的基因进化还不清楚,因此也不确定原因。

那么,10万年后人类看起来会有怎样的变化?即使我们忽略新的技术,离开地球,面临各种选择压力,偶然突变带来的进化依然会给我们惊喜。10万年前,没有蓝眼睛的人。谁能猜出1万年后人类会如何进化呢?

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    2016-09-27 童小孩

    学习了,很受益,谢谢分享,继续关注中!

    0

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    2016-09-24 舒心和人

    这样的研究只能被后人来证实了,感谢分享

    0

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    2016-09-18 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    学习了,赞一个!!!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=136216, encodeId=50bc1362168f, content=学习了,很受益,谢谢分享,继续关注中!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K3j7ibEWPiarwpqibEYqqX9yVibV5uebib0O7hQSOPmqGrb5FfyDbLsLawnz7ShAb5ibtiayWgI5ClMTh5v/0, createdBy=a47c1614293, createdName=童小孩, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 17:06:51 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=134588, encodeId=c9ee13458865, content=这样的研究只能被后人来证实了,感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Sat Sep 24 21:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617792, encodeId=db47161e79258, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e88f6930185' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69301, encryptionId=e88f6930185, topicName=生物学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e44019811593, createdName=12498c32m74暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 02:19:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129923, encodeId=851212992379, content=学习了,赞一个!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=ebe61630855, createdName=1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Sep 18 08:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129782, encodeId=de7e129e82d1, content=很好的内容,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ceb079804, createdName=lhl629, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 22:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129511, encodeId=6b6212951122, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 13:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129512, encodeId=7caa12951239, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 13:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-17 lhl629

    很好的内容,谢谢分享。

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=136216, encodeId=50bc1362168f, content=学习了,很受益,谢谢分享,继续关注中!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K3j7ibEWPiarwpqibEYqqX9yVibV5uebib0O7hQSOPmqGrb5FfyDbLsLawnz7ShAb5ibtiayWgI5ClMTh5v/0, createdBy=a47c1614293, createdName=童小孩, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 17:06:51 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=134588, encodeId=c9ee13458865, content=这样的研究只能被后人来证实了,感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Sat Sep 24 21:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617792, encodeId=db47161e79258, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e88f6930185' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69301, encryptionId=e88f6930185, topicName=生物学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e44019811593, createdName=12498c32m74暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 02:19:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129923, encodeId=851212992379, content=学习了,赞一个!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=ebe61630855, createdName=1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Sep 18 08:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129782, encodeId=de7e129e82d1, content=很好的内容,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ceb079804, createdName=lhl629, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 22:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129511, encodeId=6b6212951122, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 13:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129512, encodeId=7caa12951239, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 13:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-17 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=136216, encodeId=50bc1362168f, content=学习了,很受益,谢谢分享,继续关注中!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K3j7ibEWPiarwpqibEYqqX9yVibV5uebib0O7hQSOPmqGrb5FfyDbLsLawnz7ShAb5ibtiayWgI5ClMTh5v/0, createdBy=a47c1614293, createdName=童小孩, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 17:06:51 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=134588, encodeId=c9ee13458865, content=这样的研究只能被后人来证实了,感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160907/IMG57D00CF1965701770.jpg, createdBy=565c1948251, createdName=舒心和人, createdTime=Sat Sep 24 21:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617792, encodeId=db47161e79258, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e88f6930185' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69301, encryptionId=e88f6930185, topicName=生物学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e44019811593, createdName=12498c32m74暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 02:19:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129923, encodeId=851212992379, content=学习了,赞一个!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=ebe61630855, createdName=1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Sep 18 08:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129782, encodeId=de7e129e82d1, content=很好的内容,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ceb079804, createdName=lhl629, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 22:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129511, encodeId=6b6212951122, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 13:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129512, encodeId=7caa12951239, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 13:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-17 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

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