欧洲血脂指南主席:动脉粥样硬化性心血病的降脂治疗,强调早期、强化和联合三原则

2019-11-03 许菁 中国循环杂志

ESC/EAS血脂异常指南主席、日内瓦大学医院Fran?ois Mach教授在报告中指出,欧洲指南强调了降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)治疗的三个基本原则,即通过降低LDL-C来实现的动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)风险的比例降低取决于LDL-C的绝对降低幅度;LDL-C水平“越低越好”,降低LDL-C的强度要依据风险及基础LDL-C水平。

ESC/EAS血脂异常指南主席、日内瓦大学医院Fran?ois Mach教授在报告中指出,欧洲指南强调了降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)治疗的三个基本原则,即通过降低LDL-C来实现的动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)风险的比例降低取决于LDL-C的绝对降低幅度;LDL-C水平“越低越好”,降低LDL-C的强度要依据风险及基础LDL-C水平。

Mach教授结合最新指南总结指出,当今降脂治疗应以降低ASCVD风险为目标:(1)尽早治疗,早期减少低密度脂蛋白暴露,可预防动脉粥样斑块形成; (2)强化降脂治疗,即从理想目标到“消除LDL-C”的治疗;(3)联合治疗(他汀+依折麦布+/-PCSK9抑制剂)。

不同风险分层的LDL-C治疗目标

ESC/EAS指南强调了ASCVD风险分为极高危、高危、中危和低危。Mach教授指出,指南明确了ASCVD风险越高给予更强的降脂干预(表1)。

表1 不同动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险患者的LDL-C治疗目标

Mach教授介绍,与2016年指南相比,新指南基于对现有关于降脂治疗带来心血管风险获益证据,对于不同心血管风险的患者,强调更高强度的降LDL-C治疗。

比如对于极高危患者的二级预防,推荐LDL-C较基线水平降幅>50%,以及LDL-C<1.4 mmol/L。对于中危人群,将LDL-C<2.6 mmol/L作为靶目标。对于低危人群,将LDL-C<3.0 mmol/L作为靶目标。

药物降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的建议

Mach教授分析指出,降低LDL-C的药理学策略部分强调了LDL-C绝对降低决定了ASCVD风险降低的概念。

指南建议使用高强度的他汀类药物,最大耐受剂量,以达到针对特定风险人群设定的LDL-C目标。

如果应用最大耐受剂量的他汀治疗,LDL-C仍不达标,建议联合使用依折麦布。对于高危但无家族性高胆固醇血症患者的一级预防,如果最大耐受剂量的他汀联合依折麦布,LDL-C不达标,可以考虑联合使用PCSK9抑制剂。

特定人群的降脂治疗

新指南还针对女性、急性冠状动脉综合征以及PCI患者等特殊人群的降脂治疗给予了建议。

他汀类药物治疗被推荐用于高危女性ASCVD的一级预防。他汀类药物被推荐用于女性的二级预防,其适应证和目标与男性相同。

在计划妊娠、妊娠期间或哺乳期间不应服用降脂药。然而,对于严重的家族性高胆固醇血症患者,可考虑胆汁酸螯合物和(或)应用低密度脂蛋白分离技术。

所有ACS患者,如无禁忌证或明确药物不耐受,无论初始LDL-C水平如何,建议尽早开始或继续高剂量他汀类药物治疗。如果最大耐受剂量的他汀治疗4~6周后,LDL-C仍不达标,建议联合依折麦布。在最大耐受剂量的他汀和依折麦布联合治疗后,LDL-C仍未达标,应考虑加用PCSK9抑制剂。

对于接受PCI的冠状动脉综合征或选择性PCI的患者,术前进行早期、强化他汀类药物治疗。

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    2019-11-07 1473a4f1m00暂无昵称

    很详细

    0

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    2019-11-05 天地飞扬

    学习

    0

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