EASD研究速递——2型糖尿病与心血管疾病风险再探索

2016-09-20 佚名 中国医学论坛报

2016年9月12~16日,第52届欧洲糖尿病学会(EASD)年会在德国慕尼黑隆重召开,此次年会共有来自全球1166篇研究摘要被接收为口头报告或壁报展示。目前,心血管疾病风险已成为2型糖尿病(T2DM)治疗领域的热点问题,TECOS等降糖药物心血管安全性研究无疑为临床医生的诊疗工作提供了重要的参考依据。现撷取3篇关于T2DM患者心血管疾病风险的研究,与读者共享。西格列汀不增加采用胰岛素治疗T2

2016年9月12~16日,第52届欧洲糖尿病学会(EASD)年会在德国慕尼黑隆重召开,此次年会共有来自全球1166篇研究摘要被接收为口头报告或壁报展示。目前,心血管疾病风险已成为2型糖尿病(T2DM)治疗领域的热点问题,TECOS等降糖药物心血管安全性研究无疑为临床医生的诊疗工作提供了重要的参考依据。现撷取3篇关于T2DM患者心血管疾病风险的研究,与读者共享。

西格列汀不增加采用胰岛素治疗T2DM患者的心血管风险
摘要号:774

在TECOS研究中,有相当一部分T2DM患者接受胰岛素基础治疗(N=3408),本研究分析了西格列汀对这部分患者心血管及其他相关方面的安全性。

研究结果显示,与非胰岛素治疗患者相比,接受胰岛素治疗的T2DM患者年龄偏高(66.1对 65.3岁),糖尿病史更长(17.1对 9.9 年), 糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平更高(7.4% 对 7.2%),肾小球滤过率估计值(eGFR)更低 (71.0 对 76.1 ml/min/1.73m2),有心衰病史的患者比例更高(22.6% 对 16.6%)。使用西格列汀的患者在4个月后 HbA1c水平较安慰剂组有所降低,并在后续治疗中持续保持(0.30%,p<0.001)。西格列汀组与安慰剂组无显著差别的安全性指标包括:低血糖发生率(3.5% 对 4.0%),主要心血管不良事件发生率(12.4% 对 12.3%)[包括心血管相关死亡(4.4%对 4.6%)、非致死性心梗(5.5% 对 5.7%)、非致死性卒中(2.4% 对 2.0%)],以及心衰入院率(3.9% 对 4.8%)(图1)。糖尿病相关的其他并发症和严重不良事件在安慰机组和西格列汀组亦未见显著差异。

研究人员在结论中补充,在接受胰岛素治疗的T2DM患者中,西格列汀引起的HbA1c水平下降并未增加患者的严重低血糖风险。

图1  西格列汀与对照组安全性比较

女性性别的CV保护作用可扩展至T2DM人群
摘要号:1141

TECOS研究系一项国际多中心、前瞻性、随机双盲安慰剂对照研究,旨在评估对于T2DM合并动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(CVD)患者,在常规治疗基础上联用西格列汀对其心血管(CV)结局的影响。此次年会一项研究分析了TECOS研究人群在基线CVD负担、危险因素管理和转归的性别差异,分析发现,相比于男性患者,女性患者CV危险因素情况更差且接受针对性治疗者更少。尽管如此,女性患者的新发主要CV事件风险较男性显著降低。该研究提示,女性性别的心血管保护作用可扩展至T2DM人群。

TECOS研究意向治疗人群共有4297例女性患者和10374例男性患者,中位随访时间3年。在基线,女性患者年龄稍大于男性(66岁对65岁),糖尿病病程相似(10年)。更多女性患有脑血管疾病(31.2%对21.7%)、外周动脉疾病(20.6%对14.9%)和心力衰竭(21.8%对16.4%),然而更多男性患有冠状动脉性心脏病(79.3%对61.3%)。此外,女性患者体质指数(BMI)更高(30.5 kg/m2对29.2 kg/m2)、收缩压更高(135 mmHg对132 mmHg)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平更高(2.4 mmol/L 对 2.1 mmol/L)、肾功能更差[估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR)68.0ml/(min·1.73m2)对74.0 ml/(min·1.73m2)],但吸烟者比例更低(8.5% 对12.6%)(P<0.0001)。女性患者在基线较男性患者应用阿司匹林(72.5%对81.0%)和他汀类药物(73.0%对82.7%)治疗的比例更小(P均<0.0001)。

研究期间,治疗组中418例(9.7%)女性患者和1272例男性患者(12.3%)出现CV死亡、心肌梗死(MI)、卒中、不稳定型心绞痛住院等主要复合终点事件,相当于3.48对4.38/100患者·年(原始HR 0.79;95% CI0.71~0.89)(图2),校正基线各参数后,该相关性进一步增强(HR 0.71;95% CI 0.60~0.83, P< 0.0001)。同时,女性发生CV死亡、MI、卒中等次要复合终点事件的风险更低,CV死亡、全因死亡、MI或卒中等单个终点事件的风险亦较低。值得说明的是,性别因素和西格列汀治疗的CV结局间并不存在交互作用(P均>0.10)。

图2 性别与主要复合终点事件

T2DM合并CVD患者HbA1c每降低1%的10年并发症获益

摘要号:1137

随机对照研究与荟萃分析均证实,血糖降低可减少T2DM患者微血管并发症,同时也可适度减少大血管并发症。目前,不同HbA1c靶目标带来的潜在获益尚不明晰。因此,英国学者开展了一项建模研究,旨在量化分析当HbA1c由10%降至6%时,患者微血管和大血管并发症10年风险的获益增量。正如研究者的预期,随着HbA1c降低,微血管并发症的预估风险较大血管并发症下降更多,这指导了医生和患者,从HbA1c基线10%逐渐降低,可能带来的潜在降糖获益。

研究者采用UKPDS转归模型v2(OM2)来评估TECOS研究人群发生MI、卒中、失明和截肢的10年事件率。在对基线危险因素进行完全评估后,TECOS研究中14724例合并心血管疾病的T2DM患者,共有5766例被纳入该研究。在保持患者危险因素处于基线水平的同时,研究者逐渐将患者HbA1c从10%降至9%、8%、7%、6%,进而评估患者并发症发生率。采用ANOVA评估每一HbA1c值的事件发生率(PEER),采用Tukey两两比较分析HbA1c每降低1%时,患者并发症相对风险的下降值(RRR)。

该研究人群平均年龄为(66.2±7.8)岁,T2DM病程(10.9±8.2)年,收缩压(134±17)mmHg,LDL (2.3±0.9)mmol/L,HDL (1.1±0.3)mmol/L,女性占27.5%,白种人占84.6%,吸烟者占10.9%。对所有模拟转归而言,随着HbA1c从10%降至6%,PEER均显著降低(趋势P<0.001)。同时,随着HbA1c每降低1%,RRR增值相似,且微血管并发症的RRR数值较大血管并发症更高。当HbA1c从10%降至目前指南推荐的7%时,MI、卒中、失明、截肢的RRR分别为12.9%、14.8%、43.1%、61.8%(图3)。

图3  各事件RRR值改变

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    2017-04-29 okhuali
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    2016-09-30 右脚梅西

    对我很有帮助,感谢。

    0

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    2016-09-22 qilu_qi
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    2016-09-20 忠诚向上

    有新义啊

    0

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