Nat Commun:科学家发现乳腺癌扩散的罪魁祸首“高胆固醇”,确定新的药物靶点

2017-10-13 佚名 medicalxpress

高胆固醇水平与乳腺癌扩散到身体其他部位有关,但医生和研究人员并不知道这一联系的原因。伊利诺伊大学(UniversityofIllinois)的一项新的研究发现,罪魁祸首是胆固醇代谢的副产品,它作用于特定的免疫细胞,从而促进癌细胞的扩散,而不是阻止癌细胞扩散。


A cholesterol byproduct facilitates breast cancer's spread by hijacking immune cells, a new University of Illinois study found. Pictured, from left: Postdoctoral researcher Amy Baek, professor Erik Nelson and breast cancer survivor Sarah Adams. Credit: L. Brian Stauffer

胆固醇水平与乳腺癌扩散到身体其他部位有关,但医生和研究人员并不知道这一联系的原因。伊利诺伊大学(UniversityofIllinois)的一项新的研究发现,罪魁祸首是胆固醇代谢的副产品,它作用于特定的免疫细胞,从而促进癌细胞的扩散,而不是阻止癌细胞扩散。

发表在《自然通讯》(NatureCommunications)杂志上的这项研究发现了新的潜在的药物靶标,可以抑制危险胆固醇副产物的产生或作用,一种叫做27HC的分子。

乳腺癌的影响是非常大的,在8个妇女中至少有一个患有乳腺癌。我们已经制定了很好的治疗方法,但是很多女性会经历转移性乳腺癌,当乳腺癌扩散到其他器官时,在这一点上我们真的没有有效的治疗方法。我们想要找出是什么推动了这个过程,以及我们是否可以用药物来对付它,”分子和整合生理学教授埃里克·尼尔森(ErikNelson)说。

纳尔逊的小组给患有乳腺癌的老鼠喂食高胆固醇的食物。研究人员证实,高水平的胆固醇会增加肿瘤的生长和转移,而使用降胆固醇药物治疗的小鼠则有更少的转移。然后他们更进一步,特别抑制了在胆固醇代谢过程中产生27HC的酶。

“通过抑制制造27HC的酶,我们发现抑制因子对乳腺癌的转移作用。”这项研究表明,针对这种酶的药物治疗可能是一种有效的治疗方法,”艾米·贝克(AmyBaek)说。

研究人员还发现特定免疫细胞(某些类型的中性粒细胞和t细胞)在27HC的转移位点上的异常活动。

“通常情况下,你身体的免疫系统有能力攻击癌症,”尼尔森说,“但是我们发现27HC在免疫细胞上工作,让他们误以为癌症对自己的身体没伤害。”反而它劫持了免疫系统来帮助癌症扩散。

因为27HC通过免疫系统,而不是在乳腺癌本身,研究人员相信他们的发现对实体肿瘤有广泛的适用性。他们对结肠癌肺癌、黑素瘤和胰腺癌进行了实验,发现了27HC对所有肿瘤类型的转移都有抑制作用,这表明针对27HC的治疗可以在多种癌症类型中有效。

研究人员正在努力进一步了解27HC对免疫细胞的影响。在UrbanaCarleFoundationHospital的临床合作伙伴中,研究小组正在努力确定27HC是否和小鼠一样在人类患者中有同样的途径。

“我们希望开发小分子药物来抑制27HC,”尼尔森说。与此同时,市面上有很好的降胆固醇药物:他汀类药物。患高胆固醇的癌症患者可能想和他们的医生谈谈。

原始出处:

Amy E. Baek, Yen-Rei A. Yu, Sisi He, et.al. The cholesterol metabolite 27 hydroxycholesterol facilitates breast cancer metastasis through its actions on immune cells. Nature Communications 8, Article number: 864 (2017)

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    2018-06-22 liye789132251
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    2018-09-08 liuli5079
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    2017-10-14 xugc
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    2017-10-13 1e0e5697m83(暂无匿称)

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不仅是乳腺癌,科学家有望开发特定“抗癌细菌”!

乳腺癌是妇女常见的高发性癌症之一,每8个妇女中有1个罹患。10月5日在线发表在Oncotarget杂志上的研究拓宽了“人体微生物组”研究的新视野,首次证实在乳腺组织中存在“微生物组”,并在乳腺癌中起作用。借助这项发现,科学家或将找到快速诊断乳腺癌的生物标志物,并开发出特定的抗癌细菌。

Environ Res:研究揭示乳腺癌的一大重要诱发因素!

根据迄今为止对人类研究的最全面的综述,暴露于环境化学品,特别是生命早期,是乳腺癌发展的重要因素。研究结果可以帮助预防旨在减少疾病发病率的战略,因为全球的发病率继续增加。

Oncotarget:乳腺癌患者具有不同的乳腺微生物群

乳腺癌是在全球妇女中最常见的癌症,但是至今为止,至少有一半的患病妇女没有已知的危险因素。只有一部分患者因为乳腺癌遗传倾向,或是暴露于已知的环境危险因素而患病。因此,我们还需要进一步确定其他的乳腺癌危险因素。

Autophagy:星形胶质细胞通过KISS1调节自噬促进乳腺癌转移到大脑的进展。

转移灶的形成,是乳腺癌(BrCa)进展中的一个重要阶段。KISS1 的表达与转移进展受到抑制相关。最近,作者的研究表明,BrCa 转移到大脑时在mRNA和蛋白水平都只有低水平的KISS1表达。