WCLC 2017:黄建安教授:重复活检,动态监测:肿瘤是否无所遁形?

2017-10-17 佚名 肿瘤资讯

虽然已经进入大数据和精准医学的时代,但我们仍然面临着诸多挑战,尤其是靶向药物的继发性耐药问题。临床医生应该如何合理运用大数据、深入研究和追踪肿瘤的动态变化呢?苏州大学附属第一医院的黄建安教授从临床研究的角度切入,深度

虽然已经进入大数据和精准医学的时代,但我们仍然面临着诸多挑战,尤其是靶向药物的继发性耐药问题。临床医生应该如何合理运用大数据、深入研究和追踪肿瘤的动态变化呢?苏州大学附属第一医院的黄建安教授从临床研究的角度切入,深度分析了二次活检、重复活检的方法和重要意义,并分享了组织活检和液体活检的联合应用原则。

主持人:在本次的WCLC会议上,有几项回顾性的研究总结了临床上二次组织活检的可行性,请您为我们简要总结这些研究进展。结合您的临床实践,目前二次活检的可行性?主要活检的方式?及成功进行二次活检的经验分享?

黄建安教授:事实上,靶向药物的应用已经逐步将我们带入肺癌精准治疗时代。目前而言,临床上有大部分肺癌患者经过EGFR TKI靶向治疗以后会出现病情进展;而此类疾病进展后体现出的EGFR TKI耐药机制,对指导下一步治疗具有决定性作用。那么,如何能够深入研究发现这些TKI耐药机制呢?毫无疑问,这需要大样本的临床研究。

首先,临床上针对不同部位的肿瘤病灶,通过二次活检和基因测序以明确肿瘤的耐药机制,并制定相应的治疗策略,从而确保病人能够从后续治疗中获益。今年的WCLC会议就报道了较多该领域的临床研究结果,提示肺癌患者的二次活检可以为临床精准诊断提供诸多有利信息,以进一步指导患者耐药后的治疗策略。其次,在肺癌疾病进程的不同阶段采取重复活检,可以帮助临床医生发现新的临床耐药机制,为进一步富集靶向人群提供了至关重要的信息。WCLC报道的相关临床研究结果显示,二次活检的临床意义不容小觑。

那么,临床上的二次活检主要有哪些方法呢?目前主要采取的方法是根据肿瘤进展病灶的部位而选择相应的取材措施。首先,大部分晚期肺癌患者的进展为肺内肿瘤病灶,包括肿瘤的肺内多发转移、肺内淋巴结转移等。针对靠近支气管道的肺内转移病灶,临床上一般采用纤维支气管镜,或者在纤维支气管镜的基础上增加超声支管镜、即EBUS,可以取到支气管腔内以及腔外的病灶。对于距离支气管道较远、但相对靠近胸壁的肺内病灶,临床上可以采用CT引导下的经皮肺穿刺。其次,如果患者存在胸腔积液等恶性浆膜腔积液,则可采用浆膜腔穿刺等有创操作获取恶性积液,检测其中的肿瘤细胞团块,从而明确转移灶的细胞学和分子学诊断。其次,肺癌进展也包括较多的肺外转移病灶。那么,这就需要多学科团队合作,明确活检方案,通过医院其他科室的协助取得活检标本。

上述二次活检的检测结果在明确转移病灶的病理学、分子学特征、指导患者的后续治疗方案、延长患者生存获益等方面均具有重要作用。

主持人:二次活检对于驱动基因阳性患者的后续治疗有哪些重要的意义?

黄建安教授:在既往没有有效的耐药后治疗手段时,二次活检主要应用于临床研究,重在发现肺癌患者接受一代EGFR TKI治疗失败后的耐药机制有哪些。研究结果显示,50 - 60%的一代TKI耐药机制为继发性T790M突变;另有cMET扩增、病理类型转化等机制。明确相应的耐药机制以后,临床医生可以针对性地采取有效措施、提高患者后线治疗的缓解率。比如,针对继发性T790M突变的肺癌患者,已有三期临床试验证实,三代EGFR TKI可以有效延长其客观缓解率和PFS。这便是二次活检在精准治疗时代的意义所在

主持人:随着基因测序技术的发展,临床上已经开始进行多次的重复活检。您如何看待多次重复活检在晚期NSCLC全程管理中的价值?组织活检和液体活检在重复活检中如何配合使用?

黄建安教授:目前已有较多关于连续、动态监测疾病发展不同阶段和治疗阶段下的组织或液体活检的临床研究,主要包括治疗前、治疗中和耐药后的组织学状态和基因改变。结果显示,有些耐药基因在疾病治疗过程中是有着从阴性表达、到中度和高度表达的动态变化过程;而此类基因丰度的变化要早于临床上肉眼可见的肿瘤进展。所以,通过重复活检、监测肿瘤耐药基因的丰度变化,可以帮助临床医生及早鉴别疾病进展的可能,从而早期干预、提高治疗缓解率。故而,临床医生需要着重关注重复活检在晚期肺癌的全程管理中的应用。

其次,根据现有的指南和专家共识,临床上普遍认同“组织学活检先行”的原则。针对组织标本较难活检的病例,液体活检(包括血液、恶性浆膜腔积液、脑脊液等)也有较为可靠的诊断率,可以作为组织分子检测的替代。

主持人:今天主会场会议讲到了早期筛查和控烟相关的问题。请问黄教授,作为呼吸科医生,您如何看待中国在癌症早期筛查和早期治疗方面的现状呢?

黄建安教授:肺癌的早期筛查和早期治疗在癌症管理中至关重要。为什么呢?首先,根据我国的肺癌流行病学数据来看,作为肺癌大国,我国的肺癌发生率逐年增加。同样是肺癌大国的美国,由于已经采取了一系列控烟戒烟措施,并全面开展了肺癌的早期筛查工作,加之运用了肺癌早期诊断的新技术等,其肺癌发病率和死亡率已经逐年下降。但我国目前尚无有效、全面的早期筛查工作,肺癌发病率不降反增。由此可见,肺癌的戒烟控烟和早期筛查不可或缺。

但是,我国面临的较大问题是,我国目前缺乏肺癌发生率和死亡率的大样本分析数据。尽管北京、上海等地区已经完成了一些流行病学调查和肺癌筛查的临床工作,但是总体而言,这项工作并未在全国范围内开展。故而尚无我国的流行病学数据说明肺癌的高危因素和高危人群有哪些。我们目前只能根据NCCN指南和美国ACCP指南等,判断肺癌高危因素包括吸烟、肺部基础疾病、肿瘤病史等,并以此指导我国的肺癌早筛工作。所以我希望我们的相关肿瘤学会、呼吸协会等能够牵头开展肺癌的早筛工作,提高肺癌的早期诊断率,提高肺癌患者的生存获益,造福广大人民。

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    2017-10-19 smlt2008
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    2017-10-19 木头人514
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    2017-10-18 139****0239

    henhao

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1278043, encodeId=31fd12e80438d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d34e6523544' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#活检#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65235, encryptionId=d34e6523544, topicName=活检)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Thu Oct 19 12:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1412333, encodeId=5283141233313, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=de711863ed3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#WCLC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18637, encryptionId=de711863ed3, topicName=WCLC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=91252863770, createdName=木头人514, createdTime=Thu Oct 19 12:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254080, encodeId=f1d425408002, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2VdicMnaLeK2Im5gKx4Ucxd8Bwu6S7RG0uILBFQx5HTW2bU4VricDYlQqN20ibASSMYAeGrZrrTpy2Q/0, createdBy=80d11516357, createdName=139****0239, createdTime=Wed Oct 18 17:40:18 CST 2017, time=2017-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=253993, encodeId=ae72253993df, content=学习啦!谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLK1wzJZRTON4gxYUibhUyOypBwMibC4R7SsppicGhz5Ogoy0VVq4CWnqaD2Moeib8RWxI5lOiaVmnxpan/0, createdBy=c53f1730331, createdName=tanxingdoctor, createdTime=Wed Oct 18 09:51:07 CST 2017, time=2017-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=253842, encodeId=528325384228, content=虽然已经进入大数据和精准医学的时代.但我们仍然面临着诸多挑战.尤其是靶向药物的继发性耐药问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Tue Oct 17 23:05:03 CST 2017, time=2017-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=253801, encodeId=a1fe25380149, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2VdicMnaLeK2Im5gKx4Ucxd8Bwu6S7RG0uILBFQx5HTW2bU4VricDYlQqN20ibASSMYAeGrZrrTpy2Q/0, createdBy=b10c1938054, createdName=1e0e5697m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 17 22:00:37 CST 2017, time=2017-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-18 tanxingdoctor

    学习啦!谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-10-17 有备才能无患

    虽然已经进入大数据和精准医学的时代.但我们仍然面临着诸多挑战.尤其是靶向药物的继发性耐药问题

    0

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    2017-10-17 1e0e5697m83(暂无匿称)

    henhao

    0

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