Clinical Nutrition: 微量营养素缺乏症对儿童癌症结局的影响

2022-06-21 xuyihan MedSci原创

营养不良是一个描述健康状况的用语,由不适当或不足饮食所造成。通常指的是起因于摄入不足、吸收不良或过度损耗营养素所造成的营养不足,但也可能包含由于暴饮暴食或过度的摄入特定的营养素而造成的营养过剩。

营养不良会以多种方式影响儿童癌症的结局,包括降低对化疗药物的耐受性以及随后的化疗药物剂量增加,以及对感染的易感性。有研究显示6-50%的癌症患儿,尤其是实体恶性肿瘤患儿在就诊时或治疗期间发现营养缺乏。尽管已经广泛研究了营养不良对儿童癌症结局的影响,但有关癌症儿童微量营养素缺乏症及其后果的数据仍然有限。微量营养素缺乏在营养不良的儿童中更为常见,但也存在于明显营养良好的儿童中。比如,锌、硒和铜参与抗氧化途径,锌和硒对免疫功能和上皮完整性很重要。铁、维生素B12和叶酸在造血和整体细胞更新中起着至关重要的作用,这在细胞毒治疗中很重要。在患有急性淋巴细胞白血病的儿童中(ALL),硒和叶酸缺乏与死亡有关,叶酸缺乏与骨髓恢复不良有关。因此,这项前瞻性观察性研究的目的是调查癌症儿童中维生素 B 12、叶酸、锌、硒、铜和铁缺乏症的患病率及其对长期生存结果的影响。

 

 

本项研究是在印度的一家三级癌症中心进行的。研究人员收集了在2012年10月至2014年5月期间招募的患有新发恶性肿瘤的儿童(≤18 岁)的临床数据。测量了这些患者基线水平时的维生素B12 、叶酸、锌、硒、铜和铁水平。(维生素B12值低于 150 pmol/L、叶酸低于6 ng/mL , 锌、硒、铜水平低于0.5 μmol/L、10 μmol/L 和 50 μg/dL则判断为缺乏)。

 

研究结果显示共有535名儿童入组 [326 (60.9%) 名为血液系统恶性肿瘤, 209 (39.1%) 名为实体恶性肿瘤],中位随访时间为 66 个月。硒缺乏是不良无事件生存期(EFS)的独立预测因素(风险比 [HR] =1.56;p=0.038),也是长期生存时间的危险因素(HR = 1.65;p=0.027)。在血液系统恶性肿瘤中,硒缺乏预示着较差的 EFS(HR = 1.81;p=0.023)和OS(HR=2.12;p=0.004)。在实体恶性肿瘤中,维生素B12 (HR=1.55; p=0.028) 和锌 (HR = 1.74; p=0.009) 缺乏与较差的EFS的有关,而锌缺乏可能与OS较差有关 (HR=1.77; p=0.009)。多种(大于等于3种)微量营养素缺乏也预示着较差的EFS (HR=1.69; p= 0.001) 。

 

本项研究证实硒缺乏可独立预测儿童癌症的不良后果,尤其是血液系统恶性肿瘤。缺锌则对实体瘤有不利影响。

 

 

原始出处:

ShuvadeepGanguly. Et al. Prevalence of micronutrient deficiency and its impact on the outcome of childhood cancer: A prospective cohort study. Clinical Nutrition.2022.

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    2022-06-21 zll0628
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