CRISPR/Cas9—基因编辑的魔法剪刀手

2014-08-20 佚名 不详

基因编辑是近年来发展起来的可以对基因组完成精确修饰的一种技术,可完成基因定点InDel突变、敲入、多位点同时突变和小片段的删失等。目前,基因组编辑有三大技术:CRISPR/Cas9、TALEN和ZFN。与传统的TALEN和ZFN技术相比,CRISPR/Cas9系统更便捷、高效,应用也更广泛,目前该技术成功应用于人类细胞、斑马鱼、小鼠以及细菌的基因组精确修饰。 CRISPR/Cas9(Clus

基因编辑是近年来发展起来的可以对基因组完成精确修饰的一种技术,可完成基因定点InDel突变、敲入、多位点同时突变和小片段的删失等。目前,基因组编辑有三大技术:CRISPR/Cas9、TALEN和ZFN。与传统的TALEN和ZFN技术相比,CRISPR/Cas9系统更便捷、高效,应用也更广泛,目前该技术成功应用于人类细胞、斑马鱼、小鼠以及细菌的基因组精确修饰。

CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR-associated),被称为规律成簇间隔短回文重复,实际上就是一种基因编辑器,是细菌用以保护自身对抗病毒的一个系统,也是一种对付攻击者的基因武器。后来,研究人员发现,它似乎是一种精确的万能基因武器,可以用来删除、添加、激活或抑制其他生物体的目标基因,这些目标基因包括人、老鼠、斑马鱼、细菌、果蝇、酵母、线虫和农作物细胞内的基因,这也意味着基因编辑器是一种可以广泛使用的生物技术。

CRISPR/Cas9技术作为一种最新涌现的基因组编辑工具,能够完成RNA导向的DNA识别及编辑,为构建更高效的基因定点修饰技术提供了全新的平台,受到众多科学家的追捧。2006年的诺贝尔奖获得者Craig Mello在接受美国国家公共电台采访时对CRISPR/Cas9赞不绝口;此外,在Cell杂志盘点的2013年度最佳论文中,CRISPR/Cas9也荣登榜单。

通过使用CRISPR/Cas9,科学家构建人类疾病小鼠模型的速度要比之前快得多。许多科研团队利用它来删除、添加、激活或抑制人体、老鼠、斑马鱼、细菌、果蝇、酵母、线虫和农作物细胞中的目标基因,该技术在遗传学领域得到广泛应用。

CRISPR-Cas9系统这种基因编辑器被专业人员寄予了厚望,其原因在于:采用这一技术可以更为迅速地改变或删除细胞中的多个基因,从而治疗一些遗传性疾病,例如亨廷顿氏病,甚至可以治疗艾滋病等现在无法治愈的疾病。当然,这一技术还可以用于纠正体外受精胚胎的基因缺陷,从而创造新的健康生命。

然而,CRISPR-Cas9作为基因编辑的核心技术,它仍然是一项非常新颖的技术,除了存在“脱靶”的主要问题外,还有许多的技术难点尚未突破,尤其是临床应用的有效性和安全性依然是科学家关注和争论的焦点。因此,2014年基因编辑研讨会上,我们特邀请国内在基因编辑领域的顶尖专家和新锐科学家,在大会上发表演讲,他们将针对CRISPR-Cas9等重点技术展开深入讨论,向大家全面介绍基因编辑最新进展,以及未来应用方向。技术助力产业发展,我国基因治疗技术在实现产业化和临床应用的过程中,既有机遇,又有挑战。如何突破技术创新、如何制定标准化,加强监管和审评,实现技术和产业的快速发展,任重而道远。

相关会议推荐

2014基因编辑研讨会将于9月26日在上海举行,会议将继续以基因编辑为切入点,围绕基因编辑在细胞株开发中的应用,基因编辑在细胞治疗、蛋白表达中的应用,CRISPR-Cas9系统对干细胞维持与分化调控的研究,高通量基因组编辑与临床应用前景等方面展开详细叙述。(生物谷Bioon.com)

会议预报http://www.bioon.com/z/2014GeneEditing/

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    2016-09-03 KO229256262

    真的是天才,發現了這技術

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    2014-08-22 respect
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    2014-08-22 yaanren

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