PNAS：韩敬东等揭示长寿秘诀：七成饱、多运动、低脂饮食

中科院上海生命科学研究院经过历时四年多的实验，发现每天吃高脂食物的小鼠寿命，大大短于吃低脂食物的小鼠；但如果对高脂饮食小鼠进行70%的进食限制，或让它们自主多运动，那么它们的寿命就会和低脂饮食小鼠差不多。这些研究结果最近发表在了国际著名学术期刊《美国科学院院报》PNAS上，表明“吃饭七成饱+多运动+低脂饮食”是人类延缓衰老的“宝典”。

据介绍，这项研究是由中科院上海生科院计算生物学所的韩敬东研究组和营养所的刘勇研究组合作完成的。刘勇研究员表示，虽然不能把动物实验的结果直接照搬到人类身上，但这组实验结果仍然为人类延缓衰老、增加寿命带来了有科学价值的启示。显然，吃低脂食物能让人保持健康，延长寿命。但在脂肪摄入量经常过剩的今天，怎样才能延年益寿呢？小鼠实验告诉我们，适当地节食、吃饭七成饱，就能在很大程度上抵消吃高脂食物的负面影响。如果坚持体力锻炼，那么效果可能会更好。

据悉，科研人员在这项研究中，还通过计算生物学方法，发现了衰老调控的分子信号机制，为阐明饮食、疾病和衰老间的紧密联系及其生物学基础开拓了新的视野。

doi:10.1073/pnas.1119304109
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Midlife gene expressions identify modulators of aging through dietary interventions

Bing Zhoua,b,c,1, Liu Yangd,1, Shoufeng Lid, Jialiang Huanga,b,c, Haiyang Chene, Lei Houa,b,c, Jinbo Wangc,e, Christopher D. Greena, Zhen Yanf, Xun Huange, Matt Kaeberleing, Li Zhuh, Huasheng Xiaoh, Yong Liud,2, and Jing-Dong J. Hana,2

Dietary interventions are effective ways to extend or shorten lifespan. By examining midlife hepatic gene expressions in mice under different dietary conditions, which resulted in different lifespans and aging-related phenotypes, we were able to identify genes and pathways that modulate the aging process. We found that pathways transcriptionally correlated with diet-modulated lifespan and physiological changes were enriched for lifespan-modifying genes. Intriguingly, mitochondrial gene expression correlated with lifespan and anticorrelated with aging-related pathological changes, whereas peroxisomal gene expression showed an opposite trend. Both organelles produce reactive oxygen species, a proposed causative factor of aging. This finding implicates a contribution of peroxisome to aging. Consistent with this hypothesis, lowering the expression levels of peroxisome proliferation genes decreased the cellular peroxide levels and extended the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. These findings show that transcriptional changes resulting from dietary interventions can effectively reflect causal factors in aging and identify previously unknown or under-appreciated longevity pathways, such as the peroxisome pathway.