熊丙奇:儿科医生荒是怎样造成的

2016-02-26 熊丙奇 中国科学报

进入全面二孩时代,儿科医生的紧缺受到越来越多的关注。据悉,国家卫计委已将此列为2016年的工作要点之一。这意味着从1999年起停招的儿科学专业将有望时隔17年后恢复本科招生,各界对此高度关注。事实上,近日就有多名四川省政协委员联名致信教育部,请求恢复本科专业目录中的儿科专业,增大人才培养力度,以缓解儿科医生荒的社会问题。 儿科医生荒究竟是怎样造成的?是因高校停招儿科本科专业?还是因儿科专业毕业生

进入全面二孩时代,儿科医生的紧缺受到越来越多的关注。据悉,国家卫计委已将此列为2016年的工作要点之一。这意味着从1999年起停招的儿科学专业将有望时隔17年后恢复本科招生,各界对此高度关注。事实上,近日就有多名四川省政协委员联名致信教育部,请求恢复本科专业目录中的儿科专业,增大人才培养力度,以缓解儿科医生荒的社会问题。

儿科医生荒究竟是怎样造成的?是因高校停招儿科本科专业?还是因儿科专业毕业生的就业很困难,导致医学生不愿意从事儿科工作?如果原因分析不清就冒然针对当前儿科医生匮乏的现状,要求高校招收儿科本科专业,很可能出现的问题是,考生报考儿科专业并不踊跃,学生毕业后也不愿在儿科就业而转向其他专业。

此外,更重要的问题是,高校开设什么专业,究竟应该由谁说了算?此前全国“一刀切”停招儿科专业是行政指令的结果。可以说,儿科医生荒很大程度是行政手段制造的,现在恢复招收儿科专业如果仍旧用行政手段,不是陷入行政治理的悖论吗?应对儿科医生荒,应该摆脱行政治理思维。

按照《高等教育法》的规定,高校本应有自主设置专业的权利,但在具体办学中,高校却没有此项权利,这也是我国高校会在1999年后全部停招儿科本科专业的原因。

1998年,教育部为拓宽专业面,决定在新本科专业目录中不再设儿科本科专业,而各高校设置专业需要依据该目录,因此儿科本科专业也就从招生计划中消失了。对此,教育部门可以解释,这只是拓宽了专业面,要求高校用临床医学专业统一招生、培养,并不是说高校就不再培养儿科人才了。然而,这一措施带来的实际结果就是各高校不再培养儿科专业学生。这足以说明按行政计划设置专业的弊端,某些专业会一哄而上,某些专业则会一夜间消失,不是由各学校根据自身的定位、条件,自主决定设置什么专业。

事实上,政府在高校设置专业时,可以提供社会需求信息服务(如某行业、专业需要多少人才)、政策引导(对社会紧缺专业给予扶持),由高校自主根据扶持政策、需求信息决定是否开设某一专业,却不能代替学校做主,直接介入办学。

然而目前恢复高校儿科专业招生,走的还是行政路线,不是由各高校根据自身办学条件和社会需求设置专业。四川政协委员要求教育部恢复儿科专业,暴露的问题就是高校想开设儿科专业,可是如果本科专业目录中没有儿科专业就比较困难,最多只能采取临床医学(儿科方向)这样的做法,然而即使如此,也需要报教育部审批,因为这不在专业目录之内。

用行政方式可解决快速在高校中恢复建设儿科专业的问题,却不一定能保障培养质量和培养特色,而且还存在严重的隐患——高校的人才培养和社会需求能真正接轨吗?

行政部门要求高校恢复儿科本科专业招生的理由是,我国儿科医生缺口达20万之多,单从数据看,培养儿科医生极为紧迫,但国内医院真需要那么多儿科医生吗?现实情况是,我国不少综合性医院的儿科不断萎缩。据上海媒体报道,上海的二、三级医院儿科萎缩现象严重,很多医院5~10年没有招过一个新的儿科医生。一些医院关闭儿科是因为实在开不下去了,儿科医生都辞职了。从中可见,儿科医生荒和现有的医疗资源配置有关,患者都要把孩子送到优质的专科医院看病,综合性医院不待见儿科,带来儿科看病难,这和儿科人才培养关系并不大。

假如不解决这一现实情况,加大儿科专业人才培养力度缓解不了儿科看病难,反而出现另一难——儿科专业学生就业难。反之,如果儿科医生很抢手,实际上儿科人才培养也不太可能萎缩,因为在临床医学这一专业基础上,很多学生可以转儿科,或者专注儿科。

当然,行政部门的设想是,一方面要求综合性医院开设儿科;另一方面要求高校招生儿科本科专业,这就形成“对接”。可是,这仍属于用计划手段调节,市场买不买账还有待观察。计划手段可以让综合性医院开设儿科,也可让高校开设儿科本科专业,但最终要办好儿科门诊、儿科专业,还需要医院和高校充分结合自身条件和社会需要,而不只是从形式上解决问题。要解决实质问题,需要针对综合性医院儿科不断萎缩的现状,采用市场机制配置医学资源。同时,要把包括专业设置自主权在内的办学自主权,交给高校,这才能形成人才培养和社会需求的良性互动。

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    2016-02-28 日月
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    2016-02-28 wei834766788

    主要是待遇,价值不能体现的问题吧

    0

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    2016-02-28 wei834766788

    儿科医生难做呀

    0

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    2016-02-27 文医生

    还不是待遇跟不上呗

    0

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