Gastroenterology:HBeAg阳性母亲的子女更易发生突破性乙肝

2012-04-10 庞琳娜 爱唯医学网

文献标题:Effects of Maternal Screening and Universal Immunization to Prevent Mother-to-Infant Transmission of HBV.[免费全文] 文献来源:Gastroenterology  2012 Apr ; 142 (4): 773-781.e2 期刊影响因子:12.032 &nbs

文献标题:Effects of Maternal Screening and Universal Immunization to Prevent Mother-to-Infant Transmission of HBV.[免费全文]
文献来源:Gastroenterology  2012 Apr ; 142 (4): 773-781.e2
期刊影响因子:12.032

       台湾大学肝炎研究中心的Huey-Ling Chen博士及其同事报告,携带乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)的孕妇最可能将HBV传染给其已接种疫苗的子女。HBeAg阳性孕妇的子女发生“突破性”HBV感染的几率为9.26%,显著高于HBeAg阴性孕妇的子女(0.23%)。这项研究发表在4月刊《Gastroenterology》杂志上。

      
新生儿免疫接种并不能完全消除HBV的母婴传播,估计突破性感染的几率约为10%。与在疫苗问世前出生者相比,在接种疫苗后发生HBV感染的儿童更易罹患肝细胞癌。“而这一人群一直受到忽视。” 对HBV携带者的子女中的突破性HBV感染情况进行分析,这些数据非常有助于确定孕妇筛查、新生儿HBV疫苗和乙肝免疫球蛋白计划,以及在已接种人群中监测高危儿童的公共政策。
       为此,Chen博士等人评估了台湾地区自1984年开展新生儿HBV免疫接种以来,HBV携带者的子女中的突破性HBV感染情况。共有2,356例HBV表面抗原(HBsAg,是HBV感染的标志物)携带孕妇的子女接受了调查。这些婴儿于1996~2008年期间在台湾地区的9家三级医院出生。共有583例婴儿的母亲为HBeAg阳性,其余1,773例的母亲为HBeAg阴性。入组儿童均在出生后接种了所有3剂HBV疫苗。此外,HBeAg阳性母亲的子女还在出生后24 h内接受了乙肝免疫球蛋白强化免疫。根据家长的要求,共有723例HBeAg阴性母亲的子女也使用了乙肝免疫球蛋白。

       结果显示,HBeAg阳性母亲的子女的突破性HBV感染发生率为9.26%,而HBeAg阴性母亲的子女仅为0.23%。突破性感染(定义为出生24个月后HBV核心蛋白抗体阳性)的总发生率为5.52%,但随着母亲HBeAg状态的不同,这一比例有显著差异。根据这一定义,HBeAg阳性母亲的子女的突破性感染发生率为16.76%,而HBeAg阴性母亲的子女仅为1.58%。与此相似,估计肝炎慢性化率在HBeAg阳性母亲的子女中明显更高(54% vs. 17%)。

       上述差异非差巨大,“以至于我们有充分理由对这两组人群采取差异化的预防策略”。现在,e抗原携带者已被证明极易发生突破性HBV感染,应针对这一人群采取新的预防措施。例如,临床医生可以考虑对HBeAg阳性母亲在孕晚期给予抗病毒治疗,以降低母亲分娩时的病毒载量。

       这一易感的儿童亚群也可通过早期、谨慎监测而获益。“虽然突破性感染仍会发生,但通过良好的监测和采用合适抗病毒药物的二级预防,子女的HBV相关性并发症(例如肝硬化和肝细胞癌)风险可被尽可能降低。”

       在本项研究中,乙肝免疫球蛋白似乎可降低HBeAg阴性母亲的子女的突破性感染发生率。但由于接种了疫苗而未使用免疫球蛋白的儿童非常少,其感染率也仍然很低,因此这一数据可能具有误导性。

       这项研究由台湾卫生部疾控中心和国立台湾大学资助。

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    2012-12-22 医者仁心
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    2012-04-12 xiaoshitou
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