J Arthroplasty:全膝置换韧带平衡无法避免股骨假体旋转对线不良

2013-09-02 佚名 dxy

在全膝关节置换术中,股骨假体的准确放置是确定患者手术效果的关键因素之一。多项研究表明,股骨假体的对线不良可导致屈曲间隙不稳以及髌骨轨迹不良等问题,进而患者出现膝前痛、假体磨损增加、使用寿命缩短等严重并发症。 在股骨假体的旋转对线评估中,术中基于解剖线的手工测量技术在不同术者之间差异较大,因此其可重复性较差。韧带平衡技术是另一种评估股骨旋转对线的方法,然而,这一技术评估的准确性尚无相关研究报道。

在全膝关节置换术中,股骨假体的准确放置是确定患者手术效果的关键因素之一。多项研究表明,股骨假体的对线不良可导致屈曲间隙不稳以及髌骨轨迹不良等问题,进而患者出现膝前痛、假体磨损增加、使用寿命缩短等严重并发症。

在股骨假体的旋转对线评估中,术中基于解剖线的手工测量技术在不同术者之间差异较大,因此其可重复性较差。韧带平衡技术是另一种评估股骨旋转对线的方法,然而,这一技术评估的准确性尚无相关研究报道。

近日,奥地利布鲁根兰州艾森斯塔特慈善兄弟医院(Barmherzige Brüder Hospital, Eisenstadt, Austria)骨科马丁•肯佩博士等通过一项临床影像学观察研究,对比考察了全膝关节置换术前与术后股骨旋转对线的差异,他们的研究结果发表在最新一期的 J Arthroplasty 上。【原文下载

共有40例因严重膝骨性关节炎而接受全膝关节置换的患者纳入该前瞻性研究,平均年龄为75岁(54-89岁),其中女24例,男16例,左膝21例,右膝19例。

所有患者在术前1天及术后6天均接受CT扫描检查,扫描层面厚度为0.5 mm。在CT图像上将股骨远端内、外侧最突起骨性标志作为连接点,通过股骨内、外上髁连线确定股骨髁上轴(transepicondylar axis, TEA);通过股骨内、外后髁的最低点连线确定股骨后髁轴(posterior condylar axis, PCA)。采用TEA与PCA两线之间夹角的锐角评估股骨旋转对线情况。

由两位放射科医师对线进行测量。所有患者术中均通过韧带平衡弹性装置(tensor device, B.Braun-Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany)确定股骨的旋转对线情况。


A,术前CT图像上股骨旋转测量,TEA与PCA两线之间夹角的锐角为−6°。B,术后CT图像上股骨旋转测量,TEA与PCA两线之间夹角的锐角为−3°

40例患者均采用屈曲间隙韧带平衡及计算机导航辅助技术实施全膝关节置换手术。所有病例术前及术后股骨旋转对线角度见表1.术前PCA与TEA之间的夹角为−12° - −2°,表明PCA相对TEA发生内旋。术后PCA与TEA之间的夹角为−9° - 2°,表明术后PCA相对TEA发生显著外旋。

该研究中术前34例患者存在膝内翻畸形,6例患者存在膝外翻畸形。手术导致的股骨旋转变化在内、外翻膝病例间无显著差别。

相对术前膝关节状况,40例患者中只有3例的股骨假体为内旋植入,4例的的股骨旋转对线未发生变化,其余大部分病例的股骨假体为外旋植入(1 - 7°)。

该研究结果表明,在韧带平衡的置换膝关节中,股骨假体旋转相比术前股骨旋转发生了显著变化,大部分患者接受全膝关节置换术后,其股骨假体相比术前状况发生外旋,平均外旋角度为2.5°。

原文下载

Kaipel M, Gergely I, Sinz K, Neumann C, Sinz G. Femoral rotation in ligament balanced knee arthroplasty: a prospective clinical study. J Arthroplasty. 2013 Aug;28(7):1103-6. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2013.02.031. Epub 2013 Mar 27.

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    2014-05-07 yxch48
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    2013-09-04 zhaojie88
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