争鸣:系统纵隔淋巴结清扫未改善早期NSCLC患者生存

2012-02-15 MedSci MedSci原创

  系统纵隔淋巴结清扫未改善早期NSCLC患者生存   历时十年的多中心随机对照研究(ACOSOG Z0030)针对N0或非肺门N1非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者,比较了肺切除术中纵隔淋巴结采样(MLNS)与系统淋巴结清扫(MLND)对患者生存的影响。   研究共入组1111例患者,术中首先对纵隔淋巴结进行采样活检(右图),活检阴性者随机入组MLNS(555例)和MLND(556

  系统纵隔淋巴结清扫未改善早期NSCLC患者生存

  历时十年的多中心随机对照研究(ACOSOG Z0030)针对N0或非肺门N1非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者,比较了肺切除术中纵隔淋巴结采样(MLNS)与系统淋巴结清扫(MLND)对患者生存的影响。

inserted image

  研究共入组1111例患者,术中首先对纵隔淋巴结进行采样活检(右图),活检阴性者随机入组MLNS(555例)和MLND(556例),中位随访 6.3年后结果显示,MLNS组和MLND组中位生存时间无显著差异(8.1年对8.5年,P=0.531),中位复发时间亦无差异(P=0.655)。研究认为,对于术中充分淋巴结采样活检确证为阴性的早期NSCLC,纵隔MLND并不能提高患者生存率,也未降低局部和远处复发率。

  ■ 专家观点

  研究结论不适合在国内现阶段推广

  广东省人民医院钟文昭教授和吴一龙教授指出,ACOSOG Z0030研究实质就是在对患者系统LN采样后,病理分期为N0或非肺门N1NSCLC患者随机分组,对比系统LN清扫和不清扫的中心随机对照研究,结果与我们的预期一样为阴性,4%的患者纵隔LN分期在术中采样时为N0,而清扫后为N2。

  但将该结论应用于临床实践前,须关注研究设计中“早期患者的选择”和“LN切除范围概念的变更”这两方面:①入组患者是病理分期为N0和非肺门的 N1,T1或T2期的NSCLC;②通过纵隔镜、胸腔镜或开胸活检胸内LN手段进行精确的病理分期;③术中患者冰冻活检病理分期后随机分为MLNS组和 MLND组。

  在与2002年Wu(吴)等的单中心随机对照研究进行对比后,最终获得的结论非常谨慎:若术中系统性肺门、纵隔LN采样的冰冻结果为阴性,进一步的系统性LN清扫不能给患者带来生存获益。该结论并不适用于仅通过影像学诊断为早期肺癌及精确病理分期为N2的患者,基于正电子发射体层摄影(PET)-CT 的临床分期不等同于外科手术分期,若术中没采用该研究中的外科分期,则须按照Wu等的建议,采用系统性LN清扫以提高分期准确性、改善生存。该研究结论建立在欧美国家术前精确分期手段普及的基础上,体现了美国重视术前、术中N分期的观念。鉴于目前我国术前精确分期手段仍不足,以及与传统采样术和该研究中系统性LN切除观念的差异,该结论并不适合在国内现阶段推广。

  “ACOSO GZ0030研究结果在2011年第14届世界肺癌大会上被反复提及。该研究结果一经揭晓,给国内一些医生造成了困扰和动摇,部分医生甚至以为现在可以不需要再进行系统性淋巴结清扫了。但这项研究同时也强调了肺癌纵隔淋巴结清扫的重要性,只是被部分学者误以为可以不做清扫了。”——吴一龙教授

  不可切除Ⅲ期NSCLC 大剂量放疗未必有益

  今年在美国放射肿瘤学会(ASTRO)上报告的RTOG 0617研究将423例不可切除Ⅲ期NSCLC患者随机分为放疗标准剂量(6周,30 次,2 Gy/d,共60 Gy)±西妥昔单抗组或大剂量放疗(7周,37次,2 Gy/d,共74 Gy)±西妥昔单抗组。入组标准包括活检证实ⅢA /B,体能状态(PS)评分为0或1及1秒用力呼吸量至少为1.2 L/s。排除标准包括锁骨上或对侧肺门疾病,体重减轻至少10%及之前未接受手术。

  结果显示,大剂量放疗未能改善患者OS,3个因素(60 Gy剂量、非鳞癌、肿瘤体积小)与OS显著相关;大剂量组与标准剂量组毒性反应无显著差异。

  ■ 专家观点

  更多并非更好

  研究者介绍,作为30年来首项评估肺癌最佳放疗剂量的研究,RTOG 0617研究有望改变临床实践。目前,非标准剂量(大剂量)放疗已在美国应用,尤其是对于那些虽不可治愈但仍可接受积极治疗的Ⅲ期患者,因为其病变仍局限于肺和淋巴结而尚未发生其他部位转移。因此该研究结果令人吃惊。

  目前,临床医师对是否采用大剂量放疗也存有争议,美国佛罗里达医院学者指出,在过去5年中他们已广泛使用了74 Gy的剂量用于治疗不可切除Ⅲ期患者,而海伦·格雷姆癌症中心学者则辩驳道:“我们那里仅少数患者接受74 Gy治疗,我们提倡60~74 Gy的剂量,具体选择取决于患者肺、食管、心脏和脊髓的功能情况。”

  如美国M.D安德森中心的学者所言, 我们应思考,研究中是因为同步放化疗的强烈方案影响了大剂量放疗疗效?还是不适当的照射靶区导致大剂量组出现更多的毒副作用?抑或是肺癌本身的剂量效应就不显著?

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    2013-01-07 csjlsh

    这个很不错,要是可以提供摘要就更好了

    0

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    2012-09-08 jklm09
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    2012-02-17 sodoo
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