肉芽肿性乳腺炎合并结节性红斑2例

2018-03-15 佚名 中华皮肤科杂志

女,33岁。以右乳房肿块疼痛40d、双小腿皮疹疼痛5d入院。

例1

【一般资料】

女,33岁。

【主诉】

以右乳房肿块疼痛40d、双小腿皮疹疼痛5d入院。

【现病史】

患者40d前无明显诱因发现右乳房鸡蛋大肿块,疼痛,无寒战、发热,遂于诊所静脉滴注阿奇霉素和甲硝唑10d,未见明显好转,后予静脉滴注帕珠沙星,口服大黄蛰虫丸,治疗10d,乳房肿痛无缓解。5d前左小腿胫侧发生3个黄豆大小红色结节,触痛,未予处理,皮疹渐增多,累及双小腿,伴有发热,体温波动在37~38℃,无寒战,双踝关节疼痛。

【既往史】

患者既往体健,无外伤史,否认基础疾病及家族遗传病史。

【体格检查】

一般情况可,心肺腹部无异常。皮肤科检查:右乳房外上可触及一鸡蛋大质硬肿块,触痛,活动度欠佳;皮肤无红肿、破溃、流脓,无橘皮样改变;乳头内凹,无溢液;右腋窝扪及蚕豆大肿大淋巴结。双小腿以伸侧为主见甲盖至钱币大红斑、结节,部分融合成片,触痛,皮温略高,无坏死及破溃等(图1A)。

【辅助检查】

白细胞13.71×109几,中性粒细胞比例0.789,C反应蛋白75.7mg/L,红细胞沉降率41mm/1h,余未见异常;尿常规、肝肾功能、结核菌感染T细胞干扰素释放实验(T.SPOT.TB)、梅毒螺旋体血球凝集试验以及抗核抗体、抗双链DNA抗体、免疫球蛋白、补体、类风湿因子等检查均未见异常。心电图正常,腹部超声未见异常。胸部CT示:①右侧乳腺内见一椭圆形肿物影,边缘不规整,密度不均,右侧腋窝淋巴结肿大,建议进一步详查;②右肺下叶小结节,考虑肺内淋巴结。乳腺B超示:①右侧乳腺实性包块;②双侧乳腺增生。右乳房肿块行细针穿刺细胞学检查示,乳腺小叶内淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、组织细胞及多核巨细胞浸润(图1B)。左下肢皮损病理检查示:脂肪小叶间隔内水肿,可见淋巴细胞浸润(图1C)。



【初步诊断

结合本例患者的临床特征、实验室检查、组织病理检查结果,诊断:①结节性红斑(EN);②肉芽肿性乳腺炎(granulomatousmastitis,GM)。

【治疗】

口服雷公藤20mg每日2次,沙利度胺50mg每日2次,白芍总苷600mg每日3次,秋水仙碱0.5mg每日2次)。2周后病情好转,无发热、关节疼痛,右乳房肿块未见明显变化。

例2

【一般资料】

女,37岁,

【主诉】

以左乳房肿块疼痛14d、四肢皮疹疼痛4d入院。

【现病史】

患者1个月前左臂及胸肩部轻微挤压伤,无红肿破溃;14d前发现左乳房出现肿块伴疼痛,无发热,自行服用头孢克洛数日未见明显好转。4d前左上肢出现甲盖大红斑、结节,触痛,未予处理,皮疹渐增多,累及四肢,无寒战、发热,伴双腕、肘、踝关节肿胀疼痛。

【既往史】

患者既往体健,否认基础疾病及家族遗传病史。

【体格检查】

一般情况可,心肺腹部无异常。皮肤科检查:左乳房内上方可触及鸡蛋大小质硬肿块,触痛,活动欠佳,皮肤无红肿、破溃、流脓,乳头无内凹、流液,左腋窝扪及蚕豆大肿大淋巴结。四肢散在分布甲盖至钱币大红斑、结节,部分融合成片,触痛,皮温略高,无坏死及破溃(图2A)。

【辅助检查】

白细胞9.96×10札,中性粒细胞7.50×109/L,余未见异常;C反应蛋白86meCL,红细胞沉降率45mm/1h,IgM2630mg/L(参考值400—2300mg/L);尿常规、肝肾功能、T.SPOT.TB、梅毒螺旋体血球凝集试验以及抗核抗体、抗双链DNA抗体、补体、类风湿因子等均未见异常。心电图正常,腹部超声未见异常。胸部CT示左肺下叶粟粒灶。乳腺B超示:①左侧乳腺实性肿物(考虑炎性);②双侧乳腺增生。左乳房肿块行细针穿刺细胞学检查示,乳腺小叶内大量中性粒细胞、组织细胞及上皮样细胞浸润(图2B);右前臂皮损病理检查示:脂肪小叶间隔内水肿,血管周围见中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞浸润(图2C)。



【初步诊断】

结合临床特征、实验室检查、组织病理检查结果,诊断:@EN;②GM。

【治疗】

甲泼尼龙40nlg静脉注射每日1次,口服沙利度胺50mg每日2次,口服白芍总苷600mg每日3次。10d后好转,无发热、关节疼痛,左乳房肿块略缩小。

【讨论】

EN是临床常见的血管炎症性疾病,好发于青年女性,典型表现为胫前红色结节和斑块,确切的发病机制仍不清楚,可能与多种因素有关,包括感染(溶血性链球菌、结核菌、病毒等)、药物、雌激素、其他疾病(肿瘤、白塞氏病、炎症性肠病等)。检索PubMed、万方、中国知网等数据库2011—2016年文献,发现国外有GM合并EN的报道,但国内报道少见。GM又称肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎(granulomatouslobularmastitis,GLM)、特发性肉芽肿性乳腺炎,指非干酪样坏死局限于乳腺小叶的肉芽肿性病变,病因仍不清楚,多数学者认为该病属自身免疫性疾病,是乳汁残留引起的局部免疫现象及超敏反应,或与高泌乳素血症等体内激素失衡和感染、外伤。等引起小叶间质的肉芽肿性炎症有关。本文2例患者为非哺乳期女性,无明确感染病灶,单纯抗生素治疗无效,无其他自身免疫性疾病或肿瘤,结合病史,GM发病主要考虑为乳腺受挤压碰撞等外伤所致的肉芽肿性炎症。2例患者随后发生EN,考虑为乳腺小叶间质的肉芽肿性炎症以及小叶结构的破坏导致机体迟发型过敏反应。对于EN的治疗,应积极控制原发病,去除病因,必要时可应用糖皮质激素或免疫抑制剂。例1患者拒绝应用糖皮质激素,遂联合应用免疫抑制剂及雷公藤、沙利度胺、白芍总苷、秋水仙碱等治疗,例2予糖皮质激素、沙利度胺、白芍总苷治疗,均取得满意疗效。目前GM治疗方法是药物治疗和手术,药物治疗主要包括激素、抗生素、免疫抑制剂等。本文例1在外院局部切除肿块,术后病理结果示肉芽肿性改变(电话随访),随访6个月未见复发。例2出院后口服醋酸泼尼松(每日晨顿服40mg),随后每2周减5mg,2个月后,肿块大部分消退,目前正在随访中。

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    2018-03-17 虈亣靌

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    0

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    2018-03-17 zhouqu_8

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