Nature:大规模研究揭示生命所必需的基因

2016-09-17 佚名 生物谷

在哺乳动物基因组中,大约三分之一的基因是生命所必需的。在一项新的研究中,来自美国贝勒医学院等多个机构的研究人员描述了这些基因的大规模发现,以及它将如何影响对哺乳动物发育和人类疾病的理解。相关研究结果于2016年9月14日在线发表在Nature期刊上,论文标题为“High-throughput discovery of novel developmental phenotypes”。

在哺乳动物基因组中,大约三分之一的基因是生命所必需的。在一项新的研究中,来自美国贝勒医学院等多个机构的研究人员描述了这些基因的大规模发现,以及它将如何影响对哺乳动物发育和人类疾病的理解。相关研究结果于2016年9月14日在线发表在Nature期刊上,论文标题为“High-throughput discovery of novel developmental phenotypes”。

这项由国际小鼠表型分析联盟(International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, IMPC)开展。参与的研究人员来自代表着全世界30多个研究机构的8个表型分析中心。IMPC对小鼠基因组中的所有蛋白编码基因进行敲除突变,并且对这些基因敲除突变进行表型分析---评估它们的形态性和生理学特征---以便构建一种小鼠基因目录,该目录记载着每个基因发挥什么功能。IMPC旨在发现与人类存在同源关系的大约2万个基因的新功能,以及构建所有可获得的小鼠品系以便提供一种平台对人类疾病机制进行分析。

这项研究报道了IMPC描述的首批1751个基因的结果,包括发现它们当中将近三分之一的基因是生命所必需的。这包括410种是完全致死性的小鼠品系,和另外的198种鉴定出小于预期突变体数量一半的小鼠品系。

利用一种新的标准化表型分析管线和具有单个C57BL/6N遗传背景的小鼠品系,研究人员建立起这些小鼠品系的胚胎致死时间和致死特征的性质,并且发现很多新的特征,这些特征有助对这些基因的功能产生新的认识。将高分辨率三维成像与利用所获得的图片进行自动化计算分析整合在一起允许研究人员快速地收集详细数据,从而能够以史无前例的规模发现新的特征。

研究人员也证实对小鼠体内必需基因的鉴定为研究人类疾病---包括发现许多新的病例,在这些病例中,人疾病基因与必需基因存在重叠---打开一个窗口。此外,通过与外显子整合联盟(Exome Aggregation Consortium, ExAC)合作,他们证实小鼠必需基因的人类直系同源基因---与小鼠必需基因存在共同祖先的人类基因---在人类的功能缺失突变中被显著剔除,因而这些基因是未被确诊的人类遗传疾病的强有力的候选物。

论文通信作者、美国杰克逊实验室高级研究员Steve Murray博士注意到“当观察每个基因敲除小鼠品系产生的7或8个胚胎时,我们以一种令人吃惊的频率发现特征上的变化。当我们观察不同的遗传背景时,我们期待发现多样性,但是这是首次对一种明确的遗传背景中普遍存在的可变的表现度(variable expressivity)进行大规模的详细记载。”

论文共同第一作者、贝勒医学院分子生理学与生物物理学系主任Mary E. Dickinson教授说,“这篇论文真正地着重确定与对胚胎发育和出生后发育所必需的基因相关联的表型。这些基因是特别令人兴奋的,这是因为在这些对小鼠而言是必需的基因当中,有很多基因也与人类疾病相关联,而且这篇论文报道了为学术界构建这些发现的目录,包括观察到的这些缺陷的三维图片。”

论文共同作者、加拿大多伦多小鼠成像中心主任Mark Henkelman博士说,“让这项研究与众不同之处在于使用高通量三维成像和自动化分析来鉴定出在大体观察中很容易会丢失的新特征。这些使用三维成像获得的结果是显著的,而且肯定将会为这个领域设置新的标准。”

论文共同第一作者、加拿大多伦多表型基因组学中心临床表型分析核心(Clinical Phenotyping Core The Centre for Phenogenomics)经理Ann Flenniken博士说,“这种免费提供的和访问的数据集提供大量新的基因-特征关联,从而使得科学家们能够对在他们的临床前和发现研究中鉴定出的候选基因划分优先次序。”

论文共同作者、美国宾夕法尼亚大学佩雷尔曼医学院遗传学教授Maja Bucan博士注意到“在这篇论文中报道的巨大数量的新数据令人印象深刻。我们对这篇论文中分析的基因与已知的人类疾病基因清单进行比较,这使得首次在小鼠体内为52个人类疾病基因鉴定出突变体表型成为可能。”

论文共同第一作者、佩雷尔曼医学院基因组学与计算生物学项目研究生小组博士研究生Xiao Ji说,“IMPC的这项研究为功能性基因组学研究提供史无前例的模式生物资源。”

论文共同第一作者、英国医学委员会哈韦尔研究所分子与细胞生物学主任Lydia Teboul博士说,“IMPC的这项研究将显著促进我们对脊柱裂和心血管缺陷等人类疾病的遗传基础的理解。”

研究人员在这篇论文中注意到,正如当前的估计表明仅一小部分基因被人们研究过,对表型进行系统性分析和无限制地访问IMPC提供的数据和小鼠模型有望填充我们理解哺乳动物基因功能上的大缺口。

Dickinson说,“这篇论文所涉及的只是冰山之一角。我们想要科学界更多地了解IMPC所作的研究和可以利用这些小鼠模型和表型数据。这项研究给科学家们提供巨大的信息。”

这项研究所产生的数据和图片可供研究界访问,并且通过一种开源的网页端口(www.mousephenotype.org)实时地进行传播。所产生的这些小鼠模型对可能正在研究特定通路或疾病表型的其他科学家们而言也是可利用的。

原始出处

Mary E. Dickinson, Ann M. Flenniken, Xiao Ji, Lydia Teboul, Michael D. Wong, Jacqueline K. White.High-throughput discovery of novel developmental phenotypes.Nature.2016

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    2016-11-30 ylz8403
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    2017-06-09 liye789132251
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createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151005/IMG5612955936CFA7964.jpg, createdBy=18621654109, createdName=Guoxj3234, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 15:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129520, encodeId=2e34129520f2, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 14:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129519, encodeId=39c712951910, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 14:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129503, encodeId=e5221295038c, content=学习了。还有三分之二呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=01bb1684217, createdName=医张生, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 13:33:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129305, encodeId=02b8129305a1, content=学习了!多做研究。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCYbPBa7AiaIy1pMpp7CF9lHORw4icR9GOrMO6RVNCb1qSUSY9TFBzW5zlrpDia0HKafiarjvcweMaVdg/0, createdBy=f1d61928636, createdName=simayunhe, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 11:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-27 童小孩

    学习了,很受益,谢谢分享,继续关注中!

    0

  4. 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authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCYbPBa7AiaIy1pMpp7CF9lHORw4icR9GOrMO6RVNCb1qSUSY9TFBzW5zlrpDia0HKafiarjvcweMaVdg/0, createdBy=f1d61928636, createdName=simayunhe, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 11:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-18 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    学习了,赞一个!!!

    0

  5. 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authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCYbPBa7AiaIy1pMpp7CF9lHORw4icR9GOrMO6RVNCb1qSUSY9TFBzW5zlrpDia0HKafiarjvcweMaVdg/0, createdBy=f1d61928636, createdName=simayunhe, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 11:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-18 忠诚向上

    好好学习一下

    0

  6. 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 14:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129503, encodeId=e5221295038c, content=学习了。还有三分之二呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=01bb1684217, createdName=医张生, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 13:33:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129305, encodeId=02b8129305a1, content=学习了!多做研究。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCYbPBa7AiaIy1pMpp7CF9lHORw4icR9GOrMO6RVNCb1qSUSY9TFBzW5zlrpDia0HKafiarjvcweMaVdg/0, createdBy=f1d61928636, createdName=simayunhe, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 11:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-17 Guoxj3234

    学习起来

    0

  7. 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 14:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129503, encodeId=e5221295038c, content=学习了。还有三分之二呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=01bb1684217, createdName=医张生, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 13:33:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129305, encodeId=02b8129305a1, content=学习了!多做研究。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCYbPBa7AiaIy1pMpp7CF9lHORw4icR9GOrMO6RVNCb1qSUSY9TFBzW5zlrpDia0HKafiarjvcweMaVdg/0, createdBy=f1d61928636, createdName=simayunhe, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 11:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-17 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

  8. 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    2016-09-17 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

  9. 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 14:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129503, encodeId=e5221295038c, content=学习了。还有三分之二呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=01bb1684217, createdName=医张生, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 13:33:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129305, encodeId=02b8129305a1, content=学习了!多做研究。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCYbPBa7AiaIy1pMpp7CF9lHORw4icR9GOrMO6RVNCb1qSUSY9TFBzW5zlrpDia0HKafiarjvcweMaVdg/0, createdBy=f1d61928636, createdName=simayunhe, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 11:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-17 医张生

    学习了。还有三分之二呢?

    0

  10. 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createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Jun 09 12:36:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=136212, encodeId=108313621246, content=学习了,很受益,谢谢分享,继续关注中!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=1, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K3j7ibEWPiarwpqibEYqqX9yVibV5uebib0O7hQSOPmqGrb5FfyDbLsLawnz7ShAb5ibtiayWgI5ClMTh5v/0, createdBy=a47c1614293, createdName=童小孩, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 17:06:19 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129927, encodeId=004512992e5a, content=学习了,赞一个!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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    2016-09-17 simayunhe

    学习了!多做研究。

    0

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