JBC:利用食物传递microRNA治疗疾病可能并不现实

2015-09-15 佚名 生物谷

近几年关于外源microRNA是否能够从食物中吸收以及是否具有生理学作用的问题一直存在争议。最近一项研究利用小鼠模型给出了答案,这项研究发现通过饮食吸收microRNA的假设并不会发生,而这项研究的发表也对基于microRNA制做功能性食品进行疾病治疗的概念提出了质疑。  之前有研究表明在食物消化过程中,microRNA会进入人体调节人体生理学过程,如果这些研究结果是真的,那么将mic

近几年关于外源microRNA是否能够从食物中吸收以及是否具有生理学作用的问题一直存在争议。最近一项研究利用小鼠模型给出了答案,这项研究发现通过饮食吸收microRNA的假设并不会发生,而这项研究的发表也对基于microRNA制做功能性食品进行疾病治疗的概念提出了质疑。 


之前有研究表明在食物消化过程中,microRNA会进入人体调节人体生理学过程,如果这些研究结果是真的,那么将microRNA加入到功能性食品中用以调节人体生理学功能将成为可能,利用外源microRNA分子抑制癌细胞生长或阻断肥胖及糖尿病发生也将不再是梦。但事情真的是这样吗?

来自瑞士的科学家利用小鼠模型证明,真相可能并不是之前看到的那样。

在这项研究中,研究人员在小鼠中敲除了一个名为miR-375的microRNA,这种microRNA通常表达在胰腺,小肠和乳腺中,同时也是母乳中的一种浓度较高的microRNA。随后,他们在敲除小鼠的后代出生后,将其与野生型小鼠的后代进行交换,这些敲除幼鼠可以得到表达miR-375的野生型母鼠的哺乳,通过这种方式,研究人员能够对不表达miR-375的幼鼠进行研究。

当他们对敲除幼鼠胃部的乳汁进行检测,他们发现了高浓度的miR-375,而在敲除幼鼠的身体其他部位只能检测到微量的miR-375,并且这些微量microRNA的浓度不足以发挥基因调节功能。除此之外,在血液和肝脏中几乎不存在miR-375。

研究人员指出,现在只能假设microRNA是在胃肠道中被一些酶降解为一些更小的片段,但另外一个问题在于,如果乳汁中的microRNA不能被吃奶的婴儿吸收进入血液,那么母亲乳汁中为什么会包含大量microRNA?研究人员认为答案很简单:宝宝们生长很快,体内细胞合成过程非常旺盛,母亲乳汁中的microRNA可以为他们提供RNA合成原料,以保证细胞生长。

总的来说,这项研究证明体外microRNA并不会被胃肠道吸收进入体内发挥基因调节功能,与此相反,它们会被降解为体内RNA合成提供原料。

原文出处:

Alexandra C. Title,et al.Uptake and function studies of maternal milk-derived microRNAs.JCB.2015

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    2016-07-14 xjy02
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    2016-02-10 lily1616
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    2015-09-17 yhy100201
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    2015-09-17 zhouqu_8
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    2015-09-16 medcardio

    像传统的反义基因,RNAi治疗,miRNA在口服方面都是难题。

    0

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