Circulation:ACS后疾病稳定的患者:将依折麦布添加到辛伐他汀有“惊喜”

2018-01-17 吴星 环球医学

急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者动脉粥样硬化血栓形成事件的风险增加。这些事件不局限于冠脉血管,也包括缺血性卒中——因长期失能风险而最令人恐惧的心血管事件。2017年12月,发表在《Circulation》的IMPROVE-IT(结局降低的改善:Vytorin有效性国际试验)试验,考察了依折麦布+他汀中预防ACS患者卒中的疗效。

急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者动脉粥样硬化血栓形成事件的风险增加。这些事件不局限于冠脉血管,也包括缺血性卒中——因长期失能风险而最令人恐惧的心血管事件。2017年12月,发表在《Circulation》的IMPROVE-IT(结局降低的改善:Vytorin有效性国际试验)试验,考察了依折麦布+他汀中预防ACS患者卒中的疗效。

背景:ACS患者再发缺血事件风险增加,包括卒中。依折麦布+他汀治疗可改善ACS后疾病稳定患者的心血管结局。研究者在 IMPROVE-IT(改善结局:Vytorin有效性国际试验)试验中,考察了将依折麦布+辛伐他汀中预防卒中和其他不良心血管事件的有效性,并关注了随机分组前的卒中史患者。

方法:ACS患者随机分配到安慰剂/辛伐他汀或依折麦布/辛伐他汀的组中,两组中位随访6年。研究者评估了整个人群和亚组的治疗有效性。亚组根据首次和总(首次和随后)事件(事件为任何病因卒中的终点)、卒中亚型和7年时的首要试验终点进行分层。

结果:18144例患者中,641例(3.5%)出现了至少1次卒中;最多的为缺血性卒中(527例,82%)。卒中的独立预测因素包括既往卒中、年龄较大、房颤、充血性心力衰竭、糖尿病心肌梗死、肾功能异常。与安慰剂/辛伐他汀相比,依折麦布/辛伐他汀的任何病因卒中的首次事件非显着性减少(4.2% vs 4.8%;HR,0.86;95% CI,0.73~1.00;P=0.052),缺血性卒中显着减少21%(3.4% vs 4.1%;HR,0.79;95% CI,0.67~0.94;P=0.008),出血性卒中非显着性增加(0.8% vs 0.6%;HR,1.38;95% CI,0.93~2.04;P=0.11)。对于总事件,包括首次和所有复发性卒中,依折麦布/辛伐他汀可减少任何病因的卒中(HR,0.83;95% CI,0.70~0.98;P=0.029)和缺血性卒中(0.76;0.63~0.91;P=0.003)。随机分组前具有卒中的患者卒中复发的风险较高,当将依折麦布添加到辛伐他汀中,任何病因的卒中的绝对风险降低8.6%(10.2% vs 18.8%;需治数,12;HR,0.60;95% CI,0.38~0.95;P=0030),缺血性卒中降低7.6%(8.7% vs 16.3%;需治数,13;HR,0.52;95% CI,0.31~0.86;P=0.011)。

结论:ACS后稳定的患者中,依折麦布+辛伐他汀会降低缺血性卒中的发生率,在既往卒中的患者中,该效应尤其大。

研究者考察了卒中预防中,依折麦布+辛伐他汀的疗效,尤其关注了随机化之前有卒中病史的患者。

依折麦布+辛伐他汀降低了缺血性卒中的发生率(HR=0.79,0.67~0.94),尤其是与既往无卒中的患者相比(HR 0.84,0.70,1.01;p相互作用=0.078),在有卒中史的患者中看到较大影响(HR 0.52,0.31~0.86)。

出血性卒中罕见(0.6~0.8%/年);目前观察到加入依折麦布后,出血性卒中非显着性增加。

对于有/无既往卒中的缺血性心脏病患者,考虑向预防缺血性卒中的中~高强度他汀方案中添加依折麦布(通用降脂治疗,安全性可接受)是合理的。

原始出处:

Bohula EA, Wiviott SD, Giugliano RP,et al. Prevention of Stroke with the Addition of Ezetimibe to Statin Therapy in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome in IMPROVE-IT (Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial). Circulation. 2017 Dec 19;136(25):2440-2450. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029095. Epub 2017 Sep 30.

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    2018-01-19 yaanren
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    2018-01-17 红木中餐

    henhao

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