Nat Med:科学家研发出更好检测结肠癌药物的人体组织模型!

2017-06-21 枫丹白露 来宝网

Weill Cornell Medicine研究人员开发了首例“培养皿”中针对源自干细胞的人类结肠癌模型的“疾病”平台,允许他们识别常见的遗传形式的疾病的靶向药物治疗。该发现还克服了使用小鼠研究这种癌症的长期挑战,因为它们通常不会发展该疾病。



检测结肠癌药物的人类组织模型的研发】Weill Cornell Medicine研究人员开发了首例“培养皿”中针对源自干细胞的人类结肠癌模型的“疾病”平台,允许他们识别常见的遗传形式的疾病的靶向药物治疗。该发现还克服了使用小鼠研究这种癌症的长期挑战,因为它们通常不会发展该疾病。

在自然医学杂志6月19日发表的研究中,科学家们使用了人类诱导的多能干细胞(iPSCs),其原则上可以分化为身体中任何类型的细胞,来源于两个遗传的患者的皮肤结直肠疾病形式称为家族性腺瘤性息肉病(FAP)。使用FAP,大肠细胞发育成多种息肉,这些患者最终会变成结肠癌。使用iPSCs,他们开发了称为结肠组织的三维结构,其代表大肠组织系统,然后进行药物测试。

资深研究作者Todd Evans说:“为人类结肠癌创造有效的测试平台是一个挑战。 在我们的团队开发出基于干细胞的大肠组织系统之前,用于药物测试的人结肠疾病建模方案不存在。

结肠和直肠癌是美国癌症死亡的第二大原因。到2017年,估计会有50,260人死亡,135,430例新病例将被诊断出来。

研究人员通过各种步骤确认,包括基因组DNA测序和基因表达分析,他们用两种不同的FAP突变FAP8或FAP9培养大肠细胞,并且当突变的基因允许FAP细胞生长失控称为APC,被灭活。他们还使用源自没有FAP的人的干细胞来产生结肠组织,以进行比较。

接下来,他们用药物测试结肠组织来测量反应。研究人员发现两种药物XAV939和雷帕霉素明显抑制细胞增殖;而且,在没有FAP的情况下,有机体的生长显着降低,这表明这些药物可能会伤害健康的结肠组织。另外一种以遗传因子为基础,以某种类型突变拯救基因活性而着称的药物,成功地恢复了FAP9组织中的正常生长,但对FAP8或健康对照组织没有影响。

“我们的研究结果表明,我们可以使用这个平台来模拟结肠癌,并确定可能用于靶向特定的遗传突变的精确的药物。”资深作者陈培平,外科和生物化学生物化学生物学副教授说。

Evans补充说:“我们可以制造具有特定病毒的组织,”Evans补充说,“增加预测哪些药物可能起作用,并了解任何不良影响的可能性,这些都是在治疗患者之前就能做到的。”

原始出处:

Miguel Crespo, Eduardo Vilar, Su-Yi Tsai, et al. Colonic organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells for modeling colorectal cancer and drug testing, Nature Medicine (2017). DOI: 10.1038/nm.4355.

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    2017-10-13 liye789132251
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    2017-06-23 lqvr
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    2017-06-22 ylzr123

    不错的方式,努力学习,刻苦专研,不断总结出来新经验。给点个赞!

    0

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    2017-06-21 doctorJiangchao

    谢谢分享。

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    2017-06-21 楠博One

    希望早点投用到患者手中

    0

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