乙肝二对半的解读方式:我们错误了几十年......

2017-11-15 赵洁珏等 检验医学网

对乙肝二对半的解读,我们每个检验工作者几乎都能说的头头是道,甚至很多老百姓也都了解。我们以前是这样解读的,一起来复习下:


对乙肝二对半的解读,我们每个检验工作者几乎都能说的头头是道,甚至很多老百姓也都了解。我们以前是这样解读的,一起来复习下:

乙肝表面抗原与表面抗体称为一对,乙肝e抗原与e抗体称为一对,核心抗体称为半对,合起来就是通俗说的“两对半”。

1、乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg):此项提示已感染了HBV。由于表面抗原是乙肝病毒的外壳,仅此一项阳性并无传染性,70%-90%表面抗原可长期阳性,如无症状,且肝功能正常,称无症状乙肝表面抗原携带者,不需处理,也不妨碍工作和学习。我国人群中此抗原阳性者约占10%。

2、乙肝表面抗体(HBsAb):它是一种保护性抗体,可以中和乙肝病毒。此项阳性提示:①接种乙肝疫苗后,获得了免疫力,是一种好现象;②乙肝的恢复期或曾患乙肝并已愈,表示已有免疫力。

3、乙肝e抗原(HBeAg):此项阳性表示乙肝病毒复制(繁殖)活跃,此期患者传染性较强,如若与其密切接触,被传染的可能性较大。此抗原如长期存在,提示为慢性乙肝病毒携带者。

4、乙肝e抗体(HBeAb):此项阳性表示乙肝患者病情已缓解稳定或趋向康复,预后良好,传染性较低,但不保证乙肝病毒已全部消失。

5、乙肝核心抗体(HBcAb):本抗体不是中和抗体,无清除病毒作用,一旦阳性可在体内长期存在,病愈之后可持续阳性。此项阳性只能说明近期感染了乙肝病毒或病毒仍在继续复制(繁殖),或有过乙肝病毒感染史,但不能区分是既往感染还是正在感染。


但是,我们现在要换一种思维重新解读!

国内外的指南或专家共识都已经有很明确的指导, 如中华医学会肝病学分会和感染病学分会联合发布的《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南》(2015更新版)



以上可见在乙肝的筛查诊断中,并没有单纯依赖两对半的结果,更没有苛求教科书式的模式。横向解读两对半结果是因为它们是一起检测吗?

的确,国内感染科医生习惯性要求乙肝5或6项一起检测,因为在未知患者感染状态、免疫状态、体内HBV复制水平时,需要乙肝5或6项一起检测的结果,也可以避免再次就诊,补收费的繁琐。 对此我们检验工作者需要心境如水,让我们竖起来看,就是让我们更关注HBsAg和a-HBc (+a-HBc IgM)先。之后,按医嘱或分人群参考HBeAg, a-HBe, a-HBs的结果。

如2017年欧洲肝脏病学会(EASL)最新发表的慢性乙型肝炎管理指南指示: 慢性HBV感染者的初步评估应包括完整的病史,身体检查,评估肝脏疾病活动和严重程度及标志物HBV感染,包括HBsAg,a-HBc,如图:



HBeAg和a-HBe检测, 用于确定慢性HBV感染的阶段。

a-HBs检测, 用于评估免疫接种状态或评估HBsAg清除状态(为最理想的治疗终点),表明对HBV复制和病毒蛋白表达的完全抑制。

总之, 乙肝二对半(+a-HBc IgM)中, 抗原状态是由HBV疾病谱和自然史决定的, 而抗体状态是由人体免疫应答状态决定的, 两者相对独立。 所以对于乙肝二对半检测结果,除了传统模式以外,还可以参考这样的思路和方向进行解读。

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    2017-11-15 明崖

    学习了.有用的研究

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=261581, encodeId=604e261581e3, content=学习了.有用的研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=73441710184, createdName=明崖, createdTime=Wed Nov 15 23:54:44 CST 2017, time=2017-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=261553, encodeId=bfd526155348, content=学习了.谢谢., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Wed Nov 15 22:13:06 CST 2017, time=2017-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=261546, encodeId=cf80261546ad, content=谢谢分享. , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Wed Nov 15 22:05:47 CST 2017, time=2017-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=261541, encodeId=9b642615418a, content=好文章.学习了., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Nov 15 21:25:52 CST 2017, time=2017-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-15 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢.

    0

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    2017-11-15 doctorJiangchao

    谢谢分享.

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=261581, encodeId=604e261581e3, content=学习了.有用的研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=73441710184, createdName=明崖, createdTime=Wed Nov 15 23:54:44 CST 2017, time=2017-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=261553, encodeId=bfd526155348, content=学习了.谢谢., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Wed Nov 15 22:13:06 CST 2017, time=2017-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=261546, encodeId=cf80261546ad, content=谢谢分享. , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Wed Nov 15 22:05:47 CST 2017, time=2017-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=261541, encodeId=9b642615418a, content=好文章.学习了., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Nov 15 21:25:52 CST 2017, time=2017-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-15 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    好文章.学习了.

    0