ASCO 2014:依西美坦与他莫西芬治疗绝经前HR+乳腺癌疗效比较(TEXT和SOFT研究)

2014-06-02 MedSci MedSci原创

2014年美国临床肿瘤学会年会已于当地时间5月30日-6月3日在芝加哥成功举行。会议期间公布了一些非常重要的临床试验的结果,其中“Plenary Session”的四项研究最受关注和期待。下面和大家分享其中一项比较依西美坦(E)+卵巢功能抑制(OFS)方案和他莫西芬(T)+OFS方案辅助治疗绝经前期激素受体阳性早期乳腺癌疗效的研究。芳香化酶抑制剂和他莫西芬辅助内分泌治疗可以改善绝经后激素受体阳性的

2014年美国临床肿瘤学会年会已于当地时间5月30日-6月3日在芝加哥成功举行。会议期间公布了一些非常重要的临床试验的结果,其中“Plenary Session”的四项研究最受关注和期待。下面和大家分享其中一项比较依西美坦(E)+卵巢功能抑制(OFS)方案和他莫西芬(T)+OFS方案辅助治疗绝经前期激素受体阳性早期乳腺癌疗效的研究。


芳香化酶抑制剂和他莫西芬辅助内分泌治疗可以改善绝经后激素受体阳性的乳腺癌患者的预后。TEXT试验和SOFT试验设计的目的是检测芳香化酶抑制剂+卵巢功能抑制能否改善绝经前期激素受体阳性的早期乳腺癌患者的预后(AI question);并且确定卵巢功能抑制治疗绝经前期激素受体阳性的早期乳腺癌的价值,以及是否适合联合他莫西芬辅助化疗(OFS question)。


Olivia Pagani教授在全体大会上进行报告


TEXT和SOFT试验是III期随机试验,在11月3日至4月11日间共纳入了5738位绝经前期激素受体阳性的早期乳腺癌患者,其中TEXT试验2672位,SOFT试验3066位。TEXT试验将术后12周内的患者随机分配到依西美坦+卵巢功能抑制组或他莫西芬+卵巢功能抑制组,治疗5年(可以同时联合化疗)。SOFT试验将术后12周内(如果不打算化疗)或完成(新)辅助化疗8个月内的患者随机分配到依西美坦+卵巢功能抑制组、他莫西芬+卵巢功能抑制组或他莫西芬单药治疗组,同样也治疗5年。采用曲普瑞林、卵巢切除术或卵巢放射进行卵巢功能抑制。


主要试验终点是无病生存期(无病生存期是指直到出现局部侵犯、区域、远处或对侧乳腺复发,或者恶化、死亡)。因为事件发生率低,我们在2011年更改了计划,通过对TEXT和SOFT试验进行联合分析来解决芳香化酶抑制剂问题。截止到2013年,随访时间的中位数大于5年,计划有436例无病生存事件,规定依西美坦+卵巢功能抑制组或他莫西芬+卵巢功能抑制组中HR=0.75(分层的双侧对数秩α=0.05)。


结果表明,在随访时间的中位数为5.7年时,两组患者的人群意向分析中共报道了514例无病生存事件。依西美坦+卵巢功能抑制组的患者的风险更低(HR=0.72; 95% CI,0.60-0.86; P=0.0002),依西美坦+卵巢功能抑制组的患者的5年无病生存率91.1%,他莫西芬+卵巢功能抑制组的患者的5年无病生存率87.3%。在早期的随访中,两组中次要评价指标,例如无乳腺癌时间间隔和无远处复发时间间隔都相似,但是两组患者的总生存期并不相同。依西美坦+卵巢功能抑制组的患者3-4级不良反应的发生率为31%,他莫西芬+卵巢功能抑制组的患者的3-4级不良反应的发生率为29%。


与他莫西芬+卵巢功能抑制相比,依西美坦+卵巢功能抑制辅助化疗可以明显降低绝经前期激素受体阳性的早期乳腺癌患者的复发风险。


研究意义


绝经前女性的标准辅助内分泌(激素)治疗目前是接受5年的他莫西芬。在某些国家,临床医生推荐对于高风险年轻女性,将OFS添加到他莫西芬治疗中。由于将OFS加入他莫西芬获益的不确定性,这种方案在美国是不常见的。该项SOFT试验,还解决了将OFS加入他莫西芬方案产生的影响,这一结果将在2014年年底完成。


TEXT和SOFT试验是在相同时间针对相同的人群开展的——绝经前激素受体阳性的早期乳腺癌女性。最初的计划是对每个试验单独分析和联合分析,在这两项试验中给予依西美坦联合OFS和他莫西芬联合OFS的相同治疗小组。然而,通过在联合分析中合并试验,研究结果可能会提前呈现,这样为医生和患者带来研究结果的可能性获益也会提前。


作者观点


“多年来,他莫西芬一直是激素敏感性疾病女性预防乳腺癌复发的标准激素治疗。这些研究结果证实,依西美坦是卵巢功能抑制组成的一种有效替代,”该项研究的主要作者Olivia Pagani教授(位于瑞士的Bellinzona,Southern Switzerland肿瘤研究机构乳腺科临床主任)。“我们的结果表明,在卵巢功能抑制时给药,依西美坦相比于他莫西芬疗效更好,而这些年轻女性的较长随访期对于评估生存期,以及任一长远的副作用和生育能力是很重要的。”


ASCO观点


“乳腺癌年轻女性在手术后需要长期额外的治疗方案,现在她们可能有了一种,” ASCO主席A. Hudis教授说。“他莫西芬数十年一直是一种黄金标准方案,而且有明显的获益。现在,随着卵巢抑制,芳香酶抑制剂是提供进一步降低复发风险的选择。”


摘要原文


Randomized comparison of adjuvant aromatase inhibitor (AI) exemestane (E) plus ovarian function suppression (OFS) vs tamoxifen (T) plus OFS in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) early breast cancer (BC): Joint analysis of IBCSG TEXT and SOFT trials.(Abstract #LBA1

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