JAMA:抗生素不降低胆囊切除术后感染发生风险

2014-07-25 MedSci MedSci原创

急性结石性胆囊炎是急诊入院手术的常见原因之一,在美国每3例急诊手术患者中就会出现1例此类病例;美国每年行胆囊切除术有750000例,其中约有 1/5的患者是因为急性结石性胆囊炎而接受的胆囊切除。美国感染病学会、世界急诊外科学会及2006东京指南中,都分别提到了推荐无并发症患者术后预防性应用阿莫西林克拉维酸或舒巴坦。 90%的轻中度急性结石性胆囊炎行胆囊切除术后,均使用抗生素。现有临床指南推荐,

急性结石性胆囊炎是急诊入院手术的常见原因之一,在美国每3例急诊手术患者中就会出现1例此类病例;美国每年行胆囊切除术有750000例,其中约有 1/5的患者是因为急性结石性胆囊炎而接受的胆囊切除。美国感染病学会、世界急诊外科学会及2006东京指南中,都分别提到了推荐无并发症患者术后预防性应用阿莫西林克拉维酸或舒巴坦。

90%的轻中度急性结石性胆囊炎行胆囊切除术后,均使用抗生素。现有临床指南推荐,胆囊切除术前和术后应使用抗生素数天以预防感染发生。而这一新的发现不禁使人们对若干相关指南提出了质疑。但是术前与术中的抗生素是否真的降低感染风险,并不明确。

法国亚眠大学Jean-Marc Regimbeau博士等进行了一项随机临床试验,结果发现,胆囊切除术后使用阿莫西林克拉维酸与否,实际感染率几乎相同,即胆囊切除术后使用抗生素并不 降低感染风险。该结果发表在7月9日Journal of the American Medical Association上。

本研究是一项开放标签(非盲)的、非劣效性临床试验。在2010年5月至2012年8月期间,从法国14个中心共纳入414例I和II级急性结石性胆囊炎患者,并且在胆囊切除术前和术中接受了2g 阿莫西林克拉维酸治疗,一日3次。

研究人员将受试者随机分配到术后继续使用抗生素5天组(实验组)或停止用药组(对照组)。观察的主要预后指标包括,随访过程中4周之前或4周时手术部位或远处的感染率。研究人员强调,如果两组间绝对差值的95%置信区间小于11%,那就意味着实验组疗效为非劣效性。

试验观察结果显示,两组总共出现了66例术后感染病例,其中术后抗生素治疗组和未用抗生素治疗组分别出现31例(15%)和35例(17%),绝对差值为1.93%(95% CI, -8.98% to 5.12%),该范围上限值低于预期的非劣效性标准11%,表明两组并无统计学显著性差异。

进一步对338例患者符合方案数据分析显示,两组的感染率均为13%,绝对差值为0.3%(95% CI, -5.0% to 6.3%),仍然缺乏统计学差异。进一步比较两组不良事件,也非常相似。

这项研究表明,在轻中度胆囊炎手术中,并不支持使用抗生素。不过,本研究设计上对照组缺乏安慰剂治疗且并非盲法设计,因此有可能会降低该试验主要观察预后结果的可靠性以及两组的可对比性,但采取了一些措施尽量减少这种潜在影响作用。

点评


辛辛那提大学医学院Joseph Solomkin博士对此发表评论表示,该研究优点在于为临床提供了重要新的循证医学依据,敦促外科医生更仔细尽心地完成胆囊切除术;但该研究同时也存在着许多外科临床试验一个共同的缺陷,即缺乏盲法试验设计。

原始出处:
Regimbeau JM, Fuks D, Pautrat K, Mauvais F, Haccart V, Msika S, Mathonnet M, Scotté M, Paquet JC, Vons C, Sielezneff I, Millat B, Chiche L, Dupont H, Duhaut P, Cossé C, Diouf M, Pocard M; FRENCH Study Group.Effect of postoperative antibiotic administration on postoperative infection following cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis: a randomized clinical trial.JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association">JAMA. 2014 Jul;312(2):145-54

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1678984, encodeId=de1316e898417, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df0a834328b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胆囊切除#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83432, encryptionId=df0a834328b, topicName=胆囊切除)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f4d227724361, createdName=huangshifeng, createdTime=Mon Nov 24 19:49:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1876681, encodeId=374b18e6681ff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=67c5319121e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#切除术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31912, encryptionId=67c5319121e, topicName=切除术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9d8a96, createdName=doctorzheng, createdTime=Mon May 11 13:49:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10843, encodeId=df0e10843fc, content=很有指导价值,很多临床上看似正确的东西必须经过循证医学的考验才行, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5757106889, createdName=oubaochi, createdTime=Sun Aug 03 21:31:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1429779, encodeId=d2091429e79f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=140783434c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胆囊切除术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83434, encryptionId=140783434c7, topicName=胆囊切除术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3f94230600, createdName=yangfl07, createdTime=Sun Jul 27 12:49:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10672, encodeId=c02b106e29a, content=这种研究也能发JAMA,真神奇, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=di, createdTime=Sat Jul 26 22:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-08-03 oubaochi

    很有指导价值,很多临床上看似正确的东西必须经过循证医学的考验才行

    0

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    2014-07-26 di

    这种研究也能发JAMA,真神奇

    0