Lancet:微创治疗食道癌可降低术后肺感染率

2013-01-04 Lancet 国际新闻 佚名

  一些食管癌可以早期发现并可完全治愈,对于吞咽不畅或有异物感的患者应尽早行胃镜检查以便发现早期食管癌或癌前病变。   过去二十年间,全球的食道癌发病率增加了50%,1990年代每年新确诊31.6万例,至2008年,每年新确诊的病例已经增加到48.23万例。临床上通常采用先化疗或放疗再进行手术切除的方案来治疗食道癌。   食道癌切除术的死亡率在5%以下,但开放手术后一半以上的患者会出现肺部并发

  一些食管癌可以早期发现并可完全治愈,对于吞咽不畅或有异物感的患者应尽早行胃镜检查以便发现早期食管癌或癌前病变。

  过去二十年间,全球的食道癌发病率增加了50%,1990年代每年新确诊31.6万例,至2008年,每年新确诊的病例已经增加到48.23万例。临床上通常采用先化疗或放疗再进行手术切除的方案来治疗食道癌。

  食道癌切除术的死亡率在5%以下,但开放手术后一半以上的患者会出现肺部并发症,不得不长期住院甚至在重症监护室观察,严重影响术后的生活质量。微创手术则可以避免开胸,有望降低术后肺部感染的机会,减少住院。有鉴于此,越来越多的医生开始推崇食道癌微创手术,但还缺乏随机对照研究来证实微创手术的优势。

  为了评估微创手术与传统开放式手术根治食道癌的疗效与安全性,荷兰维旺迪环球大学医学中心外科的Surya Biere等联合5家中心共同开展了一项多中心开放式随机对照研究。

  5家中心里有两家来自荷兰阿姆斯特丹,一家来自荷兰奈梅亨,一家来自西班牙赫罗纳,另一家来自意大利米兰。2009年6月1日至2011年3月31日之间,18岁-75岁之间经病理证实的食道癌患者随机入组,接受传统开放式食道癌根治手术(简称“手术组”)或微创手术(简称“微创组”)。主要研究终点是术后2周及住院期间的肺部感染。

  结果显示,开放手术组56例、微创组59例,其中开放手术组有16例(29%)术后2周内出现了肺部感染,微创组则仅有5例(9%),相对风险系数(relative risk,RR)为0.30(95% CI:0.12?0.76,P=0.005);住院期间,两组患者的肺部感染发生率分别为34%(19例)和12%(7例),RR=0.35(95%CI:0.16-0.78,P=0.005);手术组有1例死于吻合口瘘,微创组有2例死于纵隔后吻合口瘘。

  研究显示,微创手术治疗食道癌可以降低术后肺部感染的发病率。

  食道癌患者确诊后,常需要行手术、放化疗等治疗。在治疗过程中会给患者带来不同程度的痛苦和烦恼。患者的精神状态和营养状态对治疗的成果和预后密切相关。因此,无论是患者和家属都应该与医生多沟通,树立正确抗病观念,克服对疾病的恐惧心理,以乐观的态度配合治疗。

食道癌相关的拓展阅读:


Minimally invasive versus open oesophagectomy for patients with oesophageal cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial

Background

Surgical resection is regarded as the only curative option for resectable oesophageal cancer, but pulmonary complications occurring in more than half of patients after open oesophagectomy are a great concern. We assessed whether minimally invasive oesophagectomy reduces morbidity compared with open oesophagectomy.

Methods

We did a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial at five study centres in three countries between June 1, 2009, and March 31, 2011. Patients aged 18—75 years with resectable cancer of the oesophagus or gastro-oesophageal junction were randomly assigned via a computer-generated randomisation sequence to receive either open transthoracic or minimally invasive transthoracic oesophagectomy. Randomisation was stratified by centre. Patients, and investigators undertaking interventions, assessing outcomes, and analysing data, were not masked to group assignment. The primary outcome was pulmonary infection within the first 2 weeks after surgery and during the whole stay in hospital. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with the Netherlands Trial Register, NTR TC 2452.

Findings

We randomly assigned 56 patients to the open oesophagectomy group and 59 to the minimally invasive oesophagectomy group. 16 (29%) patients in the open oesophagectomy group had pulmonary infection in the first 2 weeks compared with five (9%) in the minimally invasive group (relative risk [RR] 0·30, 95% CI 0·12—0·76; p=0·005). 19 (34%) patients in the open oesophagectomy group had pulmonary infection in-hospital compared with seven (12%) in the minimally invasive group (0·35, 0·16—0·78; p=0·005). For in-hospital mortality, one patient in the open oesophagectomy group died from anastomotic leakage and two in the minimally invasive group from aspiration and mediastinitis after anastomotic leakage.

Interpretation

These findings provide evidence for the short-term benefits of minimally invasive oesophagectomy for patients with resectable oesophageal cancer.

Funding

Digestive Surgery Foundation of the Unit of Digestive Surgery of the VU University Medical Centre.


    

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    2013-11-05 howi
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    2013-01-06 vera_1203

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