改善肠道菌群能治疗多动症(ADHD)吗?

2022-09-01 梅斯医学 梅斯医学

肠道菌群丰度和ADHD患儿症状存在明显相关性,未来通过调整肠道菌群,有望成为治疗ADHD的新方法。

长期以来,科学家一直希望将肠道微生物与大脑功能联系起来。近年来,关于肠道微生物群落和对大脑功能、人类行为之间因果关系的研究,取得可喜进展,关于肠-脑轴的作用机制也逐渐明朗。

【肠道菌群和多动症(ADHD)的关系】

下面是近年国外肠道菌群和ADHD发病机制的相关临床研究

研究发现了一些有趣的现象。比如中国多动症(ADHD)患儿,在肠道菌群多样性方面,和健康儿童并无明显差异,但粪肠杆菌属丰度偏低,这个结果和国外相关研究存在差异,原因可能是中国人饮食习惯和西方人不同。西方人偏爱高脂肪、高热量饮食,而中国人饮食则相对清淡,因此造成了研究结果的差异。

再比如,在肠道微生物种群多样性分析(Alpha多样性分析)中,ADHD患儿的Shannon指数(评估样本中物种组成的丰富度和均匀度,数值越大表示该环境的物种越丰富,各物种分配越均匀)普遍低于健康儿童,而这种情况在患儿母亲身上同样存在,但在患儿父亲身上则未体现,这也为“ADHD通过家族遗传影响下一代的假设提供了证据支持。

目前的研究表明,肠道菌群和多动症、自闭症、双相情感障碍、抑郁症等疾病,都存在一定关系。

【调整肠道菌群改善多动症(ADHD)患儿症状的试验】

2019年发表在《SCIENTIFIC REPORTS》的一项研究,对通过调整肠道菌群,改善7-12岁多动症(ADHD)患儿症状进行了详细分析。

首先,研究团队将参与试验的儿童分为试验组和对照组,试验组服用肠道菌群调整剂,初始剂量为每次1粒,每天3次;之后逐步增加剂量,最终达到每次4粒,每天3次(12粒)。对照组则服用安慰剂。

试验总共进行12周,除了检查两组患儿肠道菌群多样性(包括α多样性和β多样性,α多样性代表人体本身微生物的多样性,β多样性则代表不同个体之间微生物组成的相异性),同时在试验前,试验进行的第24681012周,使用CGAS量表和ADHD评定量表IVADHD-RS-IV)评估两组患儿症状改善情况。目的是寻找肠道菌群多样性变化,与ADHD症状之间的关系。

研究团队发现,通过服用肠道菌群调整剂,拟杆菌属(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌属(Firmicutes)、变形菌属(Proteobacteria)、放线菌属(Actinobacteria)丰度(丰度是衡量细菌种类的多少的指标,丰度越高,说明种类越丰富)都发生了改变。(如下图所示,Baseline micronutrient是服用肠道菌群调整剂之前数据,Post micronutrient为服用后数据)

同时评估了各类菌属丰度变化,对ADHD症状的影响。

如上图所示,左侧为放线菌属(Actinobacteria)丰度变化对ADHD的影响,右侧为双歧杆菌属(Bifdobacterium)丰度变化对ADHD的影响。

如上图所示,参与试验的ADHD患儿症状评分,随放线菌属(Actinobacteria)丰度发生改变,但个体情况不同,出现了增高、维持原状、降低等不同情况。

如上图所示,为了进一步验证肠道菌群丰度变化和ADHD症状的关系,研究团队对试验组(肠道菌群调整剂)和对照组(安慰剂组)数据进行了分析,发现对试验组改变更明显。

综合上述结果,研究团队认为:肠道菌群丰度和ADHD症状高度相关,ADHD患儿通过服用肠道菌群调整剂,改善肠道菌群丰度,能缓解注意力不集中、冲动和多动等症状。

【研究结论】

肠道菌群丰度和ADHD患儿症状存在明显相关性,未来通过调整肠道菌群,有望成为治疗ADHD的新方法。

【参考文献】

1,Hiergeist A ,  Gessner J ,  Gessner A . Current Limitations for the Assessment of the Role of the Gut Microbiome for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)[J]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2020, 11.

2,Stevens A J ,  Purcell R V ,  Darling K A , et al. Human gut microbiome changes during a 10 week Randomised Control Trial for micronutrient supplementation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder[J]. Scientific Reports, 2019, 9(1).

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    2022-09-02 13ad4985m50暂无昵称

    涨知识了。

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    2022-09-02 lg.zhao
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    2022-09-02 lq1767
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    2022-09-01 ms9000000382086630

    学习

    0

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