Nature:利用患者特异性的干细胞培育出类似于成年人的心肌组织

2018-04-21 佚名 “细胞”微信号

培养出与在行为上类似于天然心肌的人体心脏组织会引发生物医学研究变革,这会使得人们能够在完全控制的条件下研究人体生理学和构建心脏病模型。尽管如今的科学家们能够通过利用从我们任何一个人身体获得的小量血液样本衍生的干细胞来培养许多组织(包括心肌),但是当前的生物工程组织未能显示成年人心脏功能的一些最为重要的特征。人们在此之前还不能够在体外培养出因足够成熟而可用于医学研究的心肌。

培养出与在行为上类似于天然心肌的人体心脏组织会引发生物医学研究变革,这会使得人们能够在完全控制的条件下研究人体生理学和构建心脏病模型。尽管如今的科学家们能够通过利用从我们任何一个人身体获得的小量血液样本衍生的干细胞来培养许多组织(包括心肌),但是当前的生物工程组织未能显示成年人心脏功能的一些最为重要的特征。人们在此之前还不能够在体外培养出因足够成熟而可用于医学研究的心肌。

在一项新的研究中,来自美国哥伦比亚大学的研究人员开发出一种全新的方法:在仅持续四周的生物反应器培养下利用血液衍生的人诱导性多能干细胞(iPSC)培育出类似成年人的人心肌组织。他们将通常需要9个月的发育时间压缩到比任何其他团队更快地更完整地经历心脏成熟。他们的方法是利用源自ipsC的能够自发性跳动但仍然具有很大发育可塑性的早期心肌细胞形成人心脏组织,并且在形成过程中,先将这些心肌细胞包裹在水凝胶中,随后让这些包裹在水凝胶中的细胞经历越来越强的物理调节。相关研究结果发表在2018年4月12日的Nature期刊上,论文标题为“Advanced maturation of human cardiac tissue grown from pluripotent stem cells”。论文通信作者为哥伦比亚大学的Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic教授。

在这种方法中,这些研究人员将这些心肌细胞和支持细胞包裹纤维蛋白凝胶溶液中,从而在两个弹性支柱周围形成初始的组织结构。他们在一种多腔室平台中培养这些组织。在这种平台中,他们利用电起搏迫使这种生物工程心肌收缩和在负载下工作,这正是在人体中的健康心肌发生的情形。

除了环境控制以及添加物理和分子调控因子之外,这种平台还能够对这种生物工程心肌的多种功能特性进行光学测量。这些研究人员开发出测量它的收缩频率、收缩幅度、收缩力和钙信号传播以及其他的重要组织特性和对药物作出反应的方法和软件。

这项研究的另一个重大进展是这些研究人员通过每天一点点地增加电诱发收缩的频率,施加一种特殊的机电调节,但不是施加发育中的胎儿心脏内存在的柔和的机械拉伸。这种机电调节迫使这些体外培养的心肌每天都比过去的一天更加努力地工作。他们的目标就是观察通过逐渐地适应增加的负载和让这种生物工程心脏组织经历从胎儿到出生后的过渡,它是否会像天然心脏那样作出反应。

这种方法起作用了。这些研究人员看到了各个层面的全面变化,从而导致了心脏组织的结构、代谢和功能取得快速的和史无前例的成熟。在仅仅四周的体外培养中,这种组织就显示出类似成年人的基因表达谱、显着组装的超微结构以及在成熟的人心肌中观察到的许多功能特征。这些功能特征包括肌节的生理长度(细胞的收缩结构);线粒体的生理密度(细胞的能量工厂);横小管的存在(至为重要的之前未被记录的细胞膜特征,有助细胞快速地对钙离子浓度变化作出反应和传送信号);切换到氧化代谢和功能性钙处理。

这些研究人员在这项新的研究和近期的其他研究中证实他们能够利用成熟的人心肌来再现一些心脏病的表型,比如心脏的病理性肥大或者与钙通道突变相关的收缩力下降。他们将这些研究扩展到疾病模型的更广泛的方面,以便更好地理解心脏病的机制基础和由用来治疗其他器官的药物诱导的心脏毒性。他们的研究还可能有助于发现新的治疗靶点并导致人们开发出新的心脏保护方法或治愈性治疗方式。

原始出处:

Kacey Ronaldson-Bouchard, et al. Advanced maturation of human cardiac tissue grown from pluripotent stem cells. Nature.556, pages239–243 (2018).

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    2019-02-10 liye789132251
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    2018-04-21 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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    2018-04-21 天地飞扬

    了解一下.谢谢分享!

    0

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    2018-04-21 wzb521zf

    一起学习学习

    0

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