PNAS:这个来自肠道细菌的化合物虽不能让你更长寿,但或能让你活得更健康

2017-08-23 佚名 生物探索

肠道细菌又立功啦!日前,发表在PNAS上的一项研究称,由肠道细菌产生的一类被称为吲哚(indoles)的化合物能够帮助线虫、果蝇和小鼠延长健康寿命(healthspan)。



8月21日,发表在PNAS杂志上题为“Indoles from commensal bacteria extend healthspan”的研究中,科学家们发现,由肠道细菌产生的一类被称为吲哚(indoles)的化合物能够帮助线虫、果蝇和小鼠延长健康寿命(healthspan)。

在这一研究中,文章的通讯作者Daniel Kalman教授和他的同事们使用“healthspan”这个词来描述在衰老时人类或动物能够保持活跃以及抵抗压力(stay active and resist stress)的时间长度。简单来说,这一研究的重点是是否动物能够活得更健康,但不一定是活得更久。

近年来,越来越多的研究在调查我们体内的微生物对健康的影响。吲哚能够由多种类型的细菌通过分解色氨酸产生。Kalman教授的实验室先前已经证明,吲哚和相关的分子能够使线虫和小鼠对感染和其它压力更有抵抗力。

线虫是衰老研究的重要工具。因为它与人类共享了近一半的基因。此外,它们的寿命很短,只能存活2-3周,且在这段期间,能够表现出清晰的年龄迹象,如肌肉质量损失、繁殖力和免疫功能下降、皮肤起皱等。此前的研究发现了一系列控制线虫寿命的基因。其中一些基因是胰岛素信号通路的组成部分,也影响着果蝇和小鼠的寿命。

线虫通常会吃细菌,因此,研究人员给它们喂食了能够产生吲哚的大肠杆菌,并将这些线虫与喂食了不能产生吲哚的大肠杆菌的线虫进行比较。

随着年龄的增长,年老的线虫会花更少的时间四处游走,不能吞咽,同时它们对压力更加敏感。该研究发现,尽管吲哚并没有改变线虫的最大寿命(maximal lifespan),但它们显着增加了年龄超过15天的线虫的移动时间;同时,吲哚增加了线虫的吞咽能力以及对热应激(heat stress)的抵抗力,甚至是在年轻的线虫中。

此外,线虫通常在5日龄(at the age of 5 days)时停止繁殖,但饮食中的吲哚让它们的生殖期增加了一倍多,使得它们在12日龄时还能够保持生育。

研究还证实,吲哚对果蝇的移动性和对热应激的抵抗力有相似的作用,在小鼠身上,这种作用也很明显。具体来说,在小鼠研究中,科学家们发现,在非常年老的小鼠中(28个月),吲哚能够帮助小鼠维持它们的体重、移动性以及活动水平。在较年轻的小鼠中,吲哚延长了暴露于致命辐射的小鼠的生存期。

Kalman教授的实验室目前正在研究吲哚是如何在衰老动物中发挥作用的。他说:“吲哚使年老的动物看起来更像年轻的动物。”此外,他强调,我们需要更好的理解healthspan。随着医学的进步,人们活得更久了;但如果这意味着你将虚弱不堪的度过额外的几年,那么,你可能就不想活得更久了。

原始出处:

Robert Sonowal, Alyson Swimm, Anusmita Sahoo,et al. Indoles from commensal bacteria extend healthspan. PNAS, 2017. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1706464114.

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    2018-05-03 drwjr
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    2017-08-23 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢.

    0

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    2017-08-23 smartxiuxiu

    肠道微环境真的很火

    0

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    2017-08-23 Drhzm308

    谢谢.学习了

    0

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    2017-08-23 医无止境。

    谢谢分享受益匪浅

    0

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