留美学生共鸣:救护车费用昂贵叫不起

2017-03-29 陈 东 健康界

中国留学生不敢在美国叫救护车引共鸣,出动一次550美刀。


今天,有网友发文:“真实的故事:有个在美国留学的学姐,白天走在上学路上,突然觉得眼前一黑(低血糖),昏迷前的最后一句话是,别叫救护车”,一经发出,迅速引发一票留学党的共鸣。



甚至还有网友列出了价目表:



这一串串数字都是美刀啊!出动救护车低于4小时每次550美元,多于4小时1400美元,加护病房每晚4850美元,加护病房白天1800美元……

在美国叫救护车有多贵?

不知道谁拨打了911电话,叫来了坐满急救医护人员的救护车。23岁的米拉斯今年夏天担任了游泳教练,她游到泳池边时,磕断了三颗牙齿。

尽管有所动摇,她还是答应乘坐救护车,前往加利福尼亚州拉霍亚的斯克里普斯纪念医院(Scripps Memorial Hospital)。医护人员给她戴上了颈托以防意外。

一个星期后,她收到了这趟15分钟行程的账单:1772.42美元。尽管她雇主提供的工伤赔偿将支付账单,她依然对这笔费用感到震惊。她在接受电话采访时说,“我们只行驶了9英里,并没有危及生命的伤势。我绝对不需要接受紧急治疗。”

30年前,救护车送病人到医院一般都是免费的,费用由纳税人承担,列为市政服务项目,或者由志愿人员提供服务。如今,像美国医疗保健系统的其他层面一样,大部分救护车服务都是商业运作,导致美国的医疗费用急剧上升。通常情况下,病人先乘坐一趟费用不低的救护车,再接受昂贵的急诊室治疗。

尽管救护车通常是路人或911调度员代为召来,不过账单几乎总是寄给病人。这些费用及保险覆盖范围各不相同,从免费到高达数万美元不等。

全美最大的紧急医疗服务咨询公司费奇合伙公司(Fitch and Associates)的总裁杰费奇(Jay Fitch)表示,“很多病人的医疗保险不包含这笔费用,经济衰退以来,自掏腰包付救护车费用的病人数量持续攀升。”

费奇说,更重要的是,由于救护车公司通常只能收到账单总额的30%到40%,他们往往向拥有医疗保险或支付能力的病人收取更多的费用。

收费不同的部分原因是救护车服务由消防部门、医院、私人企业和志愿团体等不同机构经营。有些服务包含在保险范围内,有些则没有。

美国急诊医学会(American College of Emergency Medicine)副会长、弗吉尼亚大学(University of Virginia)急诊系主任罗伯特?奥康纳(Robert E。 O’Connor)表示,“有种说法是,如果你看到一个紧急医疗系统,你就只能了解这一种——没有两个系统完全一样。”他说,收费及付款“混乱不堪”。消防部门不会收取火警救援的费用,却为救护车运送病人而收费。

在这个支离破碎的医疗体系中,人们很难知道全国范围的高价救护车运送服务在美国2.7万亿美元的医疗保健费用中占了多少比例。现金支付的费用总额难以统计。

不过,为老年人提供保险计划的联邦医疗保险(Medicare)列出了具体数字,该计划快速增长的救护车服务费用让人感到担忧:全年近60亿美元,远远高于2002年的近20亿美元。

在救护车到达时,虚弱的病人或伤者经常觉得自己别无选择,只能登上救护车,却不知道可能支付的费用。

事实上,尽管联邦医疗保险为救护车服务支付固定费用——2011年为289美元到481美元——依然远远低于商业保险费用。救护车公司抱怨说,联邦医疗保险支付的费用不能满足运营成本,救护车从本质上来说是移动的急诊室,配备了训练有素的专业人员。

在最近的研究中,联邦卫生及公共服务部(Health and Human Services Department)监察长办公室指出,联邦医疗保险救护车服务“容易受到滥用和欺诈的影响”,一方面是因为救护车服务必要性和行程计费方式的宽松标准。从2002年到2011年,联邦医疗保险付费的救护车服务次数增加了69%,而在此期间联邦医疗保险的参保病人数量仅增加了7%。去年,有两家救护车公司因虚报联邦医疗保险费用而认罪或进行赔偿。

《平价医疗法案》(Affordable Care Act)要求医疗保险把紧急医疗作为基本医疗服务纳入覆盖范围,包括救护车运送病人。但是救护车服务和医疗护理要分开计费。比如说,许多“银色计划”(Silver plans)——低档次保险计划——要求病人支付250美元的急诊室自付医疗费和250美元的救护车费用。

各种医疗保险计划对救护车服务的保险范围有不同的评估,许多保险计划会设法确定这项服务是否确有必要——是否为真正的“紧急情况”。

这种评估可能非常主观。无论患者的病情如何,如果救护车的目的地是急诊室,有些保险计划会支付这笔费用,不过有些保险计划可能需要入院记录作为紧急情况的证据。行业组织美国医疗保险计划(America’s Health Insurance Plans)女发言人苏珊?皮萨诺(Susan Pisano)说,“保险公司通常会支付这笔费用,前提是你有充分的理由相信,出现了严重威胁到你的生命或健康的情况。”

但是在救护车到达时,虚弱的病人或像米拉斯这样受伤的患者经常觉得自己别无选择,只能登上救护车,却不知道可能支付的费用。

如果救护车是911代为召来,调度员会根据距离远近派出救护车。大多数救护车公司的服务费用都是根据急救团队的技术水平而定,并不是取决于他们收治患者的医疗需求。能够提供高级生命支持的急救团队,费用高于那些只受过基本急救培训的医护人员。

救护车行驶的距离并不重要,不过小额里程费也会计算进来。如果有亲友陪同受伤患者乘坐救护车,有些公司甚至会额外收取数百美元的费用。

今年秋天,家住纽约市的乔安妮?弗里德曼(Joanne Freedman)因剧烈头痛和发烧,来到她家附近的急救中心就诊。医生建议她去医院做进一步诊断,并提出帮她打电话叫救护车。她回忆说,“我本来可以自己走路,不过我觉得很不舒服,所以我就想,‘好吧,为什么不呢?’”

救护车行驶了两个街区,为她带来了900美元的账单,而她还不知道保险公司要她自付多少费用。

她说,“这简直是疯了。他们只是让我戴了个纸口罩,以免我传染他人。”弗里德曼女士在医院接受了腰椎穿刺,住了几天院。不过,提到这900美元的费用,她说下次无论自己病得多么厉害,都会步行去医院,或者乘坐出租车。

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    2017-04-28 docwu2019
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    2017-03-29 yafeiliutjh

    医疗反差太大

    0

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    2017-03-29 yafeiliutjh

    国内没有这么贵

    0

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    2017-03-29 医张生

    天下乌鸦一般黑。病不起。死不起。活着难。万恶的资本主义。

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