mBio:研究发现埃博拉病毒的致命弱点

2015-05-27 佚名 生物通

最近,一个国际研究小组(包括来自美国叶史瓦大学阿尔伯特爱因斯坦医学院和美国陆军传染病医学研究所的科学家),发现了致命埃博拉病毒要进入细胞必须打开的分子“锁”。这项研究是在小鼠中进行的,表明阻断进入这把分子锁的药物,可以防御埃博拉病毒感染。相关研究结果发表在今天出版的在线期刊 mBio 上。研究人员发现,埃博拉病毒不能感染细胞,除非它首先连接到细胞深处膜隔间(称为溶酶体)中的一个宿主蛋白,称为Nie

最近,一个国际研究小组(包括来自美国叶史瓦大学阿尔伯特爱因斯坦医学院和美国陆军传染病医学研究所的科学家),发现了致命埃博拉病毒要进入细胞必须打开的分子“锁”。这项研究是在小鼠中进行的,表明阻断进入这把分子锁的药物,可以防御埃博拉病毒感染。相关研究结果发表在今天出版的在线期刊 mBio 上。

研究人员发现,埃博拉病毒不能感染细胞,除非它首先连接到细胞深处膜隔间(称为溶酶体)中的一个宿主蛋白,称为Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1)。本文共同通讯作者、微生物学和免疫学副教授Kartik Chandran博士称:“我们的研究指出,NPC1是埃博拉病毒感染的致命要害。缺乏NPC1基因两个副本的小鼠(因此缺乏NPC1蛋白),是完全抗感染的。”

埃博拉病毒可结合到宿主细胞的细胞外膜上,然后一部分宿主细胞膜会包围病毒并夹断,从而生成一个核内体——细胞内一个膜结合的泡。核内体携带它们的病毒偷渡到细胞内部,并最终成熟为溶酶体——微小的酶填充结构,可消化和再利用细胞成分。

溶酶体中的病毒俘虏,可设法避开细胞成分的破坏,进入细胞质——细胞膜和细胞核之间的物质,病毒在那里可以复制。但许多这种组件的身份仍然不明确。

在早期的一项研究中,爱因斯坦医学院和美国陆军传染病医学研究所(USAMRIID)的研究人员,与荷兰癌症研究所和哈佛医学院的同事们发现,在组织培养中,埃博拉病毒可利用NPC1蛋白,进入细胞的细胞质中。NPC1嵌入细胞膜中,在那里它有助于胆固醇的细胞内运输。由于基因突变而缺乏NPC1的人,会患上致命的神经退行性疾病,被称为Niemann-Pick病,这种疾病患者的细胞会塞满胆固醇,并最终死亡。

目前的动物研究旨在确定NPC1是否对埃博拉感染性至关重要。研究人员挑战了携带埃博拉病毒的“野生型”小鼠(具有NPC1基因的两个完整副本)和“基因敲除小鼠”(缺乏这个基因的两个副本)。Walkley博士说:“野生型小鼠死于感染,而基因敲除小鼠则完全没有病毒复制,并完全抵御了疾病。”

即使在人类通过这种治疗,也能阻止胆固醇的转运途径。本文共同第一作者Andrew S. Herbert 博士指出:“我们认为,患者能够耐受治疗,这将只需要很短的时间。”

“载体”小鼠——那些只具有NPC1一个副本、因此拥有一半NPC1受体正常补体的小鼠,被证明可充分、但不完全抵抗埃博拉感染。Dye博士说:“这表明,阻断埃博拉病毒与NPC1互动的药物——即使一些埃博拉病毒能够进入细胞,也许能对致死性感染提供一些益处。”

Chandran博士说:“理想情况是,在这些研究结果的基础上,在人类中的进一步研究,将促进抗病毒药物的发展,有效靶定NPC1,并防止不仅仅由埃博拉病毒引发的感染,而且也由其他高致病性丝状病毒引发的感染,它们也需要NPC1作为受体。”

原始出处:

Andrew S. Herberta, Cristin Davidsonb, Ana I. Kuehnea, Russell Bakkena, Stephen Z. Braigenc, Kathryn E. Gunna,f, Sean P. Wheland, Thijn R. Brummelkampe, Nancy A. Twenhafela, Kartik Chandranc, Steven U. Walkleyb, John M. Dyea.Niemann-Pick C1 Is Essential for Ebolavirus Replication and Pathogenesis In Vivo.mBio doi: 10.1128/mBio.00565-15.26 May 2015 mBio vol. 6 no. 3 e00565-15

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    2015-10-10 sunylz
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    2015-05-31 huaxipanxing

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