JAMA Intern Med:多吃素少吃肉有助降低死亡风险

2016-08-04 林小春 新华社

多吃

多吃素少吃肉一向被认为有益健康。《美国医学会杂志·内科学卷》1日公布的一项大型研究证实了这一点,发现多摄入植物蛋白有助降低死亡风险,而高动物蛋白则会增加死亡风险。

研究论文第一作者、马萨诸塞综合医院博士后宋明洋对新华社记者说,在他们的研究人群中,饮食所摄入的植物蛋白主要来源有面包、谷类、意大利面、坚果和豆类,动物蛋白的主要来源有猪、牛、羊肉等红肉、鸡肉、奶类、鸡蛋和鱼。

宋明洋说:“总体而言,(对人体健康来说)植物蛋白优于动物蛋白,而在动物蛋白中,鸡肉和鱼类优于红肉、奶类和蛋类。”

他解释说,之前的研究主要侧重蛋白质的摄入量,忽略了蛋白质的食物来源。从膳食的角度讲,绝大多数摄入的营养素都来自于食物,而每种食物中的营养素又种类繁多。因此他们认为研究蛋白质的食物来源对健康的影响同样重要,并为此分析了美国两个大型随访研究的数据。

在这两项研究中,研究人员通过调查问卷收集了超过10万护士和健康专业人士的饮食、生活方式、健康状况和疾病诊断信息,同时利用家属报告和国家死亡数据库等收集了这些研究对象的死亡信息。

在最新的研究中,宋明洋等人利用统计学模型分析动物蛋白和植物蛋白摄入量与死亡率之间的关系。结果发现,蛋白质的食物来源对健康有重要影响。摄入高动物蛋白,尤其是来自红肉的动物蛋白,与死亡风险呈正相关,而摄入高植物蛋白与死亡风险呈负相关。

进一步研究显示,高动物蛋白摄入与死亡风险的正相关关联仅存在于生活方式不健康的人群中,比如肥胖或体重过轻、酗酒、抽烟或缺乏锻炼等人群;对于有着健康生活方式的人群,这种关联并不存在。

宋明洋说,目前有关蛋白质食物来源方面的科学研究十分缺乏,他们的研究很大程度上填补了这一领域的空白。“我们的饮食指南不仅应该关注蛋白质的绝对摄入量,更应该关注其食物来源”。

原始出处

Mingyang Song, MD, ScD1,2; Teresa T. Fung, ScD2,3; Frank B. Hu, MD, PhD2,4,5; Walter C. Willett, MD, DrPH2,4,5; Valter D. Longo, PhD6,7; Andrew T. Chan, MD, MPH1,5,8; Edward L. Giovannucci, MD, ScD2,4,5.Association of Animal and Plant Protein Intake With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality .JAMA Intern Med.2016  

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    2016-09-20 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章很好,非常有益

    0

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    2016-09-13 舒心和人

    适量才是最好的,一些必需氨基酸的摄取还是动物蛋白中比较高

    0

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