Nat Med:我国前列腺癌精准医学研究获突破

2017-08-21 中国科学报 中国科学报

中国复旦大学遗传工程国家重点实验室王陈继课题组与美国梅奥医学中心黄浩杰团队、第二军医大学孙颖浩团队合作,在前列腺癌精准医学领域取得重要研究成果。相关研究成果日前在线发表于《自然—医学》。


中国复旦大学遗传工程国家重点实验室王陈继课题组与美国梅奥医学中心黄浩杰团队、第二军医大学孙颖浩团队合作,在前列腺癌精准医学领域取得重要研究成果。相关研究成果日前在线发表于《自然—医学》。

前列腺癌是目前全世界男性第二大癌症。前列腺癌发生发展的遗传因素复杂多样,存在显著的肿瘤异质性,不同患者的肿瘤在基因组序列、表观遗传学等分子水平上存在巨大差异。目前在肿瘤基因组遗传变异的意义解读和寻找相应的分子靶向治疗手段两方面的工作仍然十分艰巨。

据悉,研究人员聚焦于SPOP突变的前列腺癌分子亚型,并首次发现BET蛋白是SPOP的作用底物。BET蛋白(BRD2、3和4)是一类可以和乙酰化组蛋白结合的表观遗传学调控蛋白,它控制了C-Myc、PIM1和BCL2等促生长、抗凋亡靶基因的转录。BET蛋白是目前以表观遗传蛋白为靶点的抗肿瘤药物设计的“明星分子”。BET小分子抑制剂如JQ1、iBET对多种肿瘤细胞表现出极佳的杀伤效果,已在前列腺癌中开展一期临床试验。正常细胞中SPOP通过蛋白酶体途径促进BET蛋白的泛素化降解,将BET蛋白维持在较低水平。

SPOP突变导致其与BET蛋白的相互作用及其促进BET蛋白泛素化降解的能力大为降低,BET蛋白在肿瘤组织中大量积累。BET蛋白积累促进了胆固醇合成相关代谢酶类(如FDFT1、 DHCR24等)和小GTP酶 Rac1的转录,进而激活AKT-mTORC1信号通路,促进肿瘤细胞的恶性增殖。有趣的是,肿瘤中SPOP突变导致的BET蛋白大量积累,使得BET抑制剂对前列腺癌细胞的杀伤作用大为减弱。但是BET抑制剂和AKT抑制剂联用,则又可以恢复前列腺癌细胞对BET抑制剂的敏感性。

专家表示,这项研究部分阐明了SPOP突变促进肿瘤恶性增殖的分子机制,同时揭示了SPOP突变亚型前列腺癌对BET抑制剂存在天然耐药现象。这些信息为该亚型前列腺癌的精准治疗提供了理论指导。

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