The BMJ 中国编辑推介| 肿瘤新药研究选择替代终点?需三思

2017-02-22 尹道馨 BMJ

随机对照试验(RCT)有时会选择替代终点作为主要研究终点来评价一项干预措施或者某种新药的治疗效果。相比动辄需数年才能观察到的临床终点,选择替代终点评价疗效的突出优点是可以相对快速地得到结果,节省新药研发成本。然而由于替代终点本身的局限性,不恰当地选择使用替代终点可能会导致研究结果误导临床决策。最近在《英国医学杂志》(The BMJ)上发表的一篇分析文章探讨了肿瘤药物RCT研究终点的选择。这篇分析对

随机对照试验(RCT)有时会选择替代终点作为主要研究终点来评价一项干预措施或者某种新药的治疗效果。相比动辄需数年才能观察到的临床终点,选择替代终点评价疗效的突出优点是可以相对快速地得到结果,节省新药研发成本。然而由于替代终点本身的局限性,不恰当地选择使用替代终点可能会导致研究结果误导临床决策。最近在《英国医学杂志》(The BMJ)上发表的一篇分析文章探讨了肿瘤药物RCT研究终点的选择。


这篇分析对于美国食品药品监督管理局(U.S. FDA)批准一些研究结果有统计学差异,然而实际延长患者生存期有限且价格昂贵的新药进入临床使用提出了批评。分析文章的作者以白蛋白结合紫杉醇联合卡铂(nab-paclitaxel plus carboplatin)治疗进展期非小细胞肺癌的RCT为例说明使用替代终点评判疗效可能存在的问题。该项研究以总应答率为主要研究终点,以无进展生存和总生存率作为次要研究终点。研究发现与对照组紫衫醇联合卡铂(paclitaxel plus carboplatin)相比,虽然试验组(白蛋白结合紫杉醇联合卡铂)总应答率更高,但在无进展生存和总生存率方面并没有明显优势。而且,两组的不良反应发生率类似,研究也没有对患者生活质量和成本效益进行分析。由于白蛋白结合紫杉醇的价格远高于传统紫衫醇,针对该项研究一篇述评也指出分析成本效益的重要性。这篇分析文章还援引了近期发表在JAMA Internal Medicine的一篇关于肿瘤研究的荟萃分析,指出只有23%的研究中的替代终点和总生存率高度相关,而在52%的研究中两者仅呈低度相关。 

在肿瘤临床研究中,对一些常用的替代终点如完全缓解率,部分有效率,总应答率等的确定依赖于形态学测量实验室检查和影像学检查,这些测量手段极易受到随机误差和系统误差的影响,对研究结果的有效性产生负面影响。为了寻找新的有效的治疗手段,急切地使用替代终点评价疗效地而忽略对治疗安全性和经济负担的评价,难以自证医学研究真正地服务于患者,对替代终点的研究结果进行不恰当的解读也可能会导致药物的滥用。 

保持健康状态,改善生活质量和延长生存时间是医学实践非常重要的三个目标。由于多数肿瘤无法彻底治愈,能够在生命的时间和质量两个维度推进医学进展的临床研究对于肿瘤患者至关重要。这篇分析的作者依据临床实践建议了评价生活质量和生存时间的结局终点,并进行了排序,供研究者和读者参考。本文篇幅有限,有兴趣的读者可以点击原始出处链接,进行全文的阅读。

原始出处:

Knopf K, Baum M, Shimp WS, et al. Interpretation of surrogate endpoints in the era of the 21st Century Cures Act. BMJ2016; 355 doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1136/ bmj. i6286 

尹道馨 (Daoxin Yin)China editor of The BMJ

Email: dyin@bmj.com

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1950455, encodeId=f3a51950455f3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b53382961a2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤新药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82961, encryptionId=b53382961a2, topicName=肿瘤新药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2726119, createdName=july_975, createdTime=Fri Jan 26 23:51:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848245, encodeId=1c4a184824583, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Tue Dec 12 20:51:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=177590, encodeId=20d61e75908a, content=这篇分析的作者依据临床实践建议了评价生活质量和生存时间的结局终点,并进行了排序。很好,值得进一步学习。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Thu Feb 23 12:51:03 CST 2017, time=2017-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=177557, encodeId=69901e755710, content=确实如此, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdicLmdJEK9VoiaDianY6fzHNN9iaGv80m39pMHU3eSnNN0kn1o0rdQ7Bz2f03Qibcf1ia7rKvxIt4UVlErF2d4gCmDC5/0, createdBy=98e31740255, createdName=cqykthl, createdTime=Thu Feb 23 08:22:28 CST 2017, time=2017-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=177501, encodeId=86a81e7501bb, content=新观点新方法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Wed Feb 22 23:04:54 CST 2017, time=2017-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-12 gaoxiaoe
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1950455, encodeId=f3a51950455f3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b53382961a2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤新药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82961, encryptionId=b53382961a2, topicName=肿瘤新药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2726119, createdName=july_975, createdTime=Fri Jan 26 23:51:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848245, encodeId=1c4a184824583, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Tue Dec 12 20:51:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=177590, encodeId=20d61e75908a, content=这篇分析的作者依据临床实践建议了评价生活质量和生存时间的结局终点,并进行了排序。很好,值得进一步学习。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Thu Feb 23 12:51:03 CST 2017, time=2017-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=177557, encodeId=69901e755710, content=确实如此, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdicLmdJEK9VoiaDianY6fzHNN9iaGv80m39pMHU3eSnNN0kn1o0rdQ7Bz2f03Qibcf1ia7rKvxIt4UVlErF2d4gCmDC5/0, createdBy=98e31740255, createdName=cqykthl, createdTime=Thu Feb 23 08:22:28 CST 2017, time=2017-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=177501, encodeId=86a81e7501bb, content=新观点新方法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Wed Feb 22 23:04:54 CST 2017, time=2017-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-02-23 jetleo

    这篇分析的作者依据临床实践建议了评价生活质量和生存时间的结局终点,并进行了排序。很好,值得进一步学习。

    0

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    2017-02-23 cqykthl

    确实如此

    0

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    2017-02-22 飛歌

    新观点新方法

    0

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