NEJM:肉芽肿性阿米巴脑炎-病例报道

2020-09-24 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

自由活动的阿米巴,尤其是棘阿米巴引起的中枢神经系统感染较为罕见,且通常是致命的。

患者为一名82岁的男子,因全身无力2周而到急诊就诊。他有B细胞淋巴瘤病史,已有10余年的缓解期。

体格检查发现弥漫性肌无力,无局部病灶。入院后一天,出现失语症,右侧肌无力和精神状态改变。磁共振成像(MRI)检查发现左中额额叶无增强信号异常(如图A箭头所示)。通过腰椎穿刺获得的脑脊液(CSF)分析发现蛋白水平为159 mg/dL(参考范围为15至45)和455个有核细胞,其中中性粒细胞为22%,淋巴细胞为46%。脑脊液培养阴性,细胞学分析未见恶性细胞。尽管接受了抗细菌性、真菌性和病毒性脑膜炎的治疗,但患者变得更加嗜睡并开始发作。2天后重复MRI检查,发现额叶、顶叶和颞叶较大病变,并伴有肿块(如图B所示)。

病人在就诊后9天死亡。尸检发现液化性坏死(如图C所示)。显微镜下观察到滋养体(如图D箭头所示)和囊肿(如图D箭标所示),聚合酶链反应确定为棘阿米巴,证实了肉芽肿性阿米巴脑炎的诊断

自由活动的阿米巴,尤其是棘阿米巴引起的中枢神经系统感染较为罕见,且通常是致命的。阿米巴通过与土壤或淡水接触而传播。与患者妻子讨论表明,该患者只有在盆栽植物维护时才会接触土壤。

原始出处:

Matt Schimmel,et al.Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis.N Engl J Med 2020;https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm2002401

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