抗精神病药物对个体治疗效果的预测

2022-09-07 网络 网络

在治疗的强响应组中,发现与使用阿立哌唑和奥氮平的人数相比,使用氨磺必利的人数最多,说明使用氨磺必利能获得更好的治疗反应,借此可以鼓励大家在精神分裂症治疗中更多地使用这种药物。

一直以来,抗精神病药物都是精神分裂症治疗指南推荐的精神分裂症谱系障碍患者最有效的干预措施之一。抗精神病药物的选择基于其疗效和副作用、患者先前对抗精神病药物反应的个人病史以及临床医生对不同类型抗精神病药物的使用经验。许多研究都证实了多种抗精神病药物在治疗首发或者多发精神分裂症中的切确疗效。

  • 精神分裂症治疗的第一步是患者对抗精神病药物的反应,药物可以改善大多数阳性精神病症状并帮助患者保持病情稳定。
  • 第二步是症状的缓解,精神分裂症患者症状得到长期改善。
  • 最后也是最难实现的一步是康复,力图让患者享有社会功能和社会自主权,达到长期没有精神分裂症症状或仅有轻度症状的状态。

由于精神分裂症的病程具有高度异质性,目前尚无法预测哪些患者会对哪种抗精神病药物产生良好反应。我们需要一个能够用来确定未来药物反应的预测因子。相比直接用治疗成功或失败这种二分法来衡量药物有效性,使用“反应轨迹”可以更好地描述症状随时间的变化过程,这是一种评价药物疗效反应的相对新颖的方法。

这是一项针对氨磺必利、阿立哌唑和奥氮平三种常用一线抗精神病药物进行的一项为期12个月的前瞻性、随机、评估盲、头对头比较研究,一起来看看是否存在可能的预测因子以及三种药物治疗12个月的“反应轨迹”。结果显示总计144名参与者,其中41%完成了12个月的研究期。有74%的参与者PANSS总分从基线到12个月时降低了59%(良好反应组);有13%的参与者从基线到12个月时PANSS总分降低了82.5%(强响应组),而有13%的参与者从基线到12个月时PANSS总分仅降低了13.6%(轻度响应组)。

另外,良好反应组和强反应组的PANSS总分总减少量中最大的部分发生在治疗6周时,分别比基线减少了45%和48%。

可以看出,有87%的参与者对抗精神病药物的反应良好或强烈。其中人数最多的一组患者(良好反应组)在一年的随访中PANSS总分降低了54%,这可以认为是对精神分裂症药物治疗的良好反应,因为依据PANSS 54%的总变化对应的就是CGI疾病严重程度改进量表中的“大大改进”的意思。

这项研究的另一个关键发现是治疗开始的前6周反应的重要性,这似乎可以用来预测未来个体对抗精神病药物的进一步反应。在前6周的治疗结束后,良好反应组和强反应组的PANSS总分在未来的时间内继续减少,而轻度反应组的参与者却没有表现出任何进一步的改善,这提示了我们若使用除氯氮平之外的抗精神病药物治疗6周后PANSS总分仍未从基线降低至少30%,那么该患者未来也很少有可能达到足够的药物治疗反应,或许应该考虑改用另一种抗精神病药物。而基线时参与者的失业、抑郁和消极精神病症状问题增加了属于轻度反应组的机会,也就是说这些因素能够增加患者对抗精神病药物治疗反应不佳的可能。

此外,在治疗的强响应组中,发现与使用阿立哌唑和奥氮平的人数相比,使用氨磺必利的人数最多,说明使用氨磺必利能获得更好的治疗反应,借此可以鼓励大家在精神分裂症治疗中更多地使用这种药物。

 

参考文献

Drosos P, Johnsen E, Bartz-Johannessen CA,et al. Trajectories of response in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: A one-year prospective cohort study of antipsychotic effectiveness. World J Psychiatry. 2022-03-19;12(3):521-532.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1894301, encodeId=0e04189430191, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e456463eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗效果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64637, encryptionId=5e456463eee, topicName=治疗效果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=373a131, createdName=jxrzshh, createdTime=Tue Feb 28 20:19:35 CST 2023, time=2023-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247741, encodeId=a647124e74179, content=学习,进步, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=05155126416, createdName=146480bem82暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Sep 07 19:34:18 CST 2022, time=2022-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247979, encodeId=7ddf124e979b8, content=谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c80f8301945, createdName=ms5000000086701856, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 21:28:30 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1513123, encodeId=0585151312314, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdc555596cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗精神病药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55596, encryptionId=bdc555596cd, topicName=抗精神病药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=694d10531994, createdName=12498768m16(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Sep 09 07:19:35 CST 2022, time=2022-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247817, encodeId=d153124e81791, content=精准医学逐步进入临床指导, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=05155126416, createdName=146480bem82暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 07:18:55 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-09-07 146480bem82暂无昵称

    学习,进步

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1894301, encodeId=0e04189430191, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e456463eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗效果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64637, encryptionId=5e456463eee, topicName=治疗效果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=373a131, createdName=jxrzshh, createdTime=Tue Feb 28 20:19:35 CST 2023, time=2023-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247741, encodeId=a647124e74179, content=学习,进步, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=05155126416, createdName=146480bem82暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Sep 07 19:34:18 CST 2022, time=2022-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247979, encodeId=7ddf124e979b8, content=谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c80f8301945, createdName=ms5000000086701856, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 21:28:30 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1513123, encodeId=0585151312314, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdc555596cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗精神病药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55596, encryptionId=bdc555596cd, topicName=抗精神病药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=694d10531994, createdName=12498768m16(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Sep 09 07:19:35 CST 2022, time=2022-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247817, encodeId=d153124e81791, content=精准医学逐步进入临床指导, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=05155126416, createdName=146480bem82暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 07:18:55 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-09-08 ms5000000086701856

    谢谢

    0

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    2022-09-08 146480bem82暂无昵称

    精准医学逐步进入临床指导

    0

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